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| A) | by welfare workers in the 1930s. | ||
| B) | in the 1970s by psychiatrist Herbert Freudenberger. | ||
| C) | by social psychologist Christina Maslach in the 1980s. | ||
| D) | by social scientists in the early 2000s. |
| A) | loss of idealism in the helping professions. | ||
| B) | a mild degree of unhappiness caused by distress. | ||
| C) | a problem related to an individual, not the work environment. | ||
| D) | a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. |
| A) | Stage 1 | ||
| B) | Stage 2 | ||
| C) | Stage 3 | ||
| D) | Stage 4 |
| A) | personality traits. | ||
| B) | demographic variables. | ||
| C) | the work environment. | ||
| D) | interpersonal relationships. |
| A) | Burnout is more prevalent among older individuals. | ||
| B) | Across most work settings, levels of burnout are greater in men than in women. | ||
| C) | The rates of burnout are higher among married workers and those with children. | ||
| D) | There are higher levels of burnout among workers with higher levels of education. |
| A) | The full Maslach Burnout Inventory alone | ||
| B) | Three items from the Maslach Burnout Inventory | ||
| C) | The full Maslach Burnout Inventory with the General Health Questionnaire | ||
| D) | Two items from the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Burnout Risk Survey |
| A) | 3% to 4%. | ||
| B) | 14% to 20% | ||
| C) | 27% to 63% | ||
| D) | 82% to 90%. |
| A) | Burnout rates stay relatively stable through physicians' careers. | ||
| B) | The rate of depersonalization is greatest among late-career physicians. | ||
| C) | Burnout rates are higher among medical students and residents than among physicians. | ||
| D) | Burnout that develops early during medical training generally resolves during residency. |
| A) | Emergency medicine | ||
| B) | Critical care | ||
| C) | Dermatology | ||
| D) | Diabetes and endocrinology |
| A) | type D personality, depression, and inadequate social supports. | ||
| B) | work overload, inadequate work-life balance, and lack of control over one's work. | ||
| C) | mandatory participation in work events, alcohol abuse, and low number of patients. | ||
| D) | strong working relationships, reliance on outdated documentation methods, and small practices. |
| A) | Financial rewards | ||
| B) | Prestige of medicine | ||
| C) | Interaction with colleagues | ||
| D) | Forming relationships with patients |
| A) | Depression | ||
| B) | Long work hours | ||
| C) | Erosion of autonomy at work | ||
| D) | History of malpractice lawsuit |
| A) | Depression | ||
| B) | Suicidal ideation | ||
| C) | Alcohol abuse/dependence | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | Burnout is associated with decreased productivity. | ||
| B) | In one study, burnout scores correlated with increases in professional effort. | ||
| C) | Research indicates that physicians most likely to leave practice are those in late-career. | ||
| D) | Stress and lack of control over one's work are the strongest predictors of intent to reduce clinical work hours or leave the current position. |
| A) | Depersonalization | ||
| B) | Mental quality of life | ||
| C) | Emotional exhaustion | ||
| D) | Personal accomplishment |
| A) | Burnout was associated with self-reports of suboptimal care in a study of emergency medicine physicians and residents. | ||
| B) | Reporting a major medical error during the last three months was significantly associated with burnout among surgeons. | ||
| C) | Studies of family physicians and general internists have shown no consistent relationships between burnout, medical errors, and quality of care. | ||
| D) | For each 1-point increase in the score in the emotional exhaustion domain, there was a 44% increase in the likelihood of reporting a medical error. |
| A) | Physicians have been shown to accurately define their own well-being. | ||
| B) | No guidelines exist for the incorporation of identifying and managing practitioner health issues. | ||
| C) | Many physicians seek help for stress or burnout because of the belief that these conditions are abnormal for the profession. | ||
| D) | Self-care warrants particular emphasis for physicians, as they have been trained to put the care of others ahead of themselves. |
| A) | Discourage strong leadership styles. | ||
| B) | Create a healthy work environment. | ||
| C) | Participate in outside interests and/or volunteer activities. | ||
| D) | Make documentation a personal priority (i.e., do not delegate these tasks). |
| A) | more patient-centered communication. | ||
| B) | increases in indicators of stress and depression. | ||
| C) | only very short-term improvements in well-being. | ||
| D) | lower scores on the personal accomplishment scale of the MBI. |
| A) | Flexible scheduling is an important element of a healthy work environment. | ||
| B) | Physicians can become champions of a healthy work environment by developing or participating in a wellness committee. | ||
| C) | Programs offering physicians an opportunity to meet with colleagues in a structured format substantially reduced the rate of burnout. | ||
| D) | All of the above |