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| A) | Increase in the 5-year survival rate | ||
| B) | Increase in the number of cancers detected | ||
| C) | Decrease in the cause-specific mortality rate | ||
| D) | Decrease in the percentage of cancers diagnosed as stage IV |
| A) | No health insurance | ||
| B) | Attitudes toward screening | ||
| C) | Lack of trust in health care | ||
| D) | Lack of healthcare professional recommendation |
| A) | skin cancer. | ||
| B) | lung cancer. | ||
| C) | cervical cancer. | ||
| D) | colorectal cancer. |
| A) | No screening | ||
| B) | Mammography every two years | ||
| C) | Breast self-examination every month | ||
| D) | Clinical breast examination every one to three years |
| A) | Mammography alone | ||
| B) | Mammography with MRI | ||
| C) | Mammography with ultrasound | ||
| D) | Mammography with ultrasound and MRI |
| A) | ultrasound. | ||
| B) | digital mammography. | ||
| C) | breast self-examination. | ||
| D) | clinical breast examination. |
| A) | Mammography alone every two years | ||
| B) | Mammography and MRI every year | ||
| C) | Mammography and clinical breast examination every year | ||
| D) | Mammography every year and clinical breast examination every 6 to 12 months |
| A) | 39 to 49 years of age. | ||
| B) | 50 to 59 years of age. | ||
| C) | 60 to 69 years of age. | ||
| D) | 70 to 79 years of age. |
| A) | 50,000 women. | ||
| B) | 230,000 women. | ||
| C) | 650,000 women. | ||
| D) | 1.3 million women. |
| A) | No screening | ||
| B) | Screening with cytology alone every year | ||
| C) | Screening with cytology alone every three years | ||
| D) | Screening with cytology and HPV testing every three years |
| A) | cytology alone every 3 years. | ||
| B) | cytology alone every 1 to 2 years. | ||
| C) | cytology and HPV testing every 3 years. | ||
| D) | cytology and hrHPV testing every 5 years. |
| A) | menarche. | ||
| B) | 18 years of age. | ||
| C) | 21 years of age. | ||
| D) | the age of sexual initiation. |
| A) | No screening | ||
| B) | Screening with cytology alone every 3 years | ||
| C) | Screening with cytology alone every 5 years | ||
| D) | Screening with cytology and HPV testing every 5 years |
| A) | Referral for colposcopy | ||
| B) | Continuation of routine screening | ||
| C) | Repeat cytology testing in 6 months | ||
| D) | Repeat cytology in 2 to 4 months; resume routing screening if result is negative |
| A) | Screening every six months in the first year after treatment | ||
| B) | Screening every year for the first two years after treatment | ||
| C) | Screening every year beginning at the time of treatment | ||
| D) | Screening every three years beginning at the time of treatment |
| A) | 35 years of age | ||
| B) | 40 years of age | ||
| C) | 50 years of age | ||
| D) | 65 years of age |
| A) | CT colonography every 10 years | ||
| B) | Colonoscopy and stool-based testing every year | ||
| C) | Flexible sigmoidoscopy and stool-based testing every year | ||
| D) | Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and stool-based testing every year |
| A) | No screening | ||
| B) | Colonoscopy | ||
| C) | Stool-based testing alone | ||
| D) | Flexible sigmoidoscopy and stool-based testing |
| A) | Colonoscopy every 5 years | ||
| B) | Colonoscopy every 10 years | ||
| C) | Flexible sigmoidoscopy and stool-based testing every year | ||
| D) | Flexible sigmoidoscopy and stool-based testing every 2 years |
| A) | Colonoscopy within 5 years | ||
| B) | Flexible sigmoidoscopy within 1 year | ||
| C) | Fecal occult blood test within 6 months | ||
| D) | Double-contrast barium enema within 1 year |
| A) | Colonoscopy | ||
| B) | Flexible sigmoidoscopy | ||
| C) | Fecal occult blood testing | ||
| D) | Fecal immunohistochemical testing |
| A) | between 55 and 74 years of age. | ||
| B) | with smoking cessation of 10 years. | ||
| C) | with a 35 pack-year history of smoking. | ||
| D) | with severe comorbidities that preclude potentially curative treatment. |
| A) | Only former smokers should be offered lung cancer screening. | ||
| B) | Approximately 50% of the U.S. population meet the criteria for lung cancer screening. | ||
| C) | Asymptomatic individuals who are at high risk and older than 75 years of age should not be offered lung cancer screening. | ||
| D) | The best balance of benefits and harms of lung cancer screening is found among individuals at moderate risk for lung cancer. |
| A) | Overdiagnosis | ||
| B) | False-positive results | ||
| C) | Unnecessary clinical procedure | ||
| D) | Unnecessary diagnostic procedure |
| A) | Sputum cytology alone | ||
| B) | Chest radiography alone | ||
| C) | Low-dose computed tomography | ||
| D) | Sputum cytology and chest radiography |
| A) | American College of Physicians. | ||
| B) | American Urological Association. | ||
| C) | U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | Repeat PSA in 1 year | ||
| B) | Repeat PSA in 2 to 4 years | ||
| C) | Repeat PSA at 50 years of age | ||
| D) | Discussion of the harms and benefits of screening |
| A) | reduced mortality. | ||
| B) | increased five-year survival. | ||
| C) | lower stage and grade of cancer at diagnosis. | ||
| D) | lower incidence of prostate cancer. |
| A) | Toluidine blue enhances the efficacy of oral cancer screening. | ||
| B) | Oral cancer screening has reduced mortality among individuals at average risk and high risk. | ||
| C) | No organization recommends examination of the oral cavity to detect oral cancer or premalignant lesions. | ||
| D) | Routine screening for oral cancer or premalignant lesions should be carried out by dental care providers. |
| A) | No screening | ||
| B) | Pelvic examination alone every year | ||
| C) | Transvaginal ultrasound and CA-125 level every 2 years | ||
| D) | Pelvic examination and transvaginal ultrasound every 2 years |