|
| A) | late 1600s. | ||
| B) | late 1800s. | ||
| C) | 1940s and 1950s. | ||
| D) | 1980s. |
| A) | increase appetite. | ||
| B) | reduce the need for sleep. | ||
| C) | produce mind-altering effects. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | the first isolation and synthesis of cocaine. | ||
| B) | the marketing of crack, a new form of cocaine. | ||
| C) | decreased availability of heroin in the United States. | ||
| D) | tighter regulatory control and decreased use of amphetamines. |
| A) | combining cocaine with heroin. | ||
| B) | treating cocaine with hydrochloric acid. | ||
| C) | removing the hydrochloride base of processed cocaine. | ||
| D) | dissolving cocaine hydrochloride in water, adding baking soda, then heating. |
| A) | 500,000 | ||
| B) | 1.4 million | ||
| C) | 5 million | ||
| D) | 25 million |
| A) | Infants | ||
| B) | Adolescents | ||
| C) | Pregnant women | ||
| D) | Patients with liver disease |
| A) | have antisocial personality disorder. | ||
| B) | experience cardiovascular effects of the drug. | ||
| C) | be severely dependent or to abuse other drugs. | ||
| D) | be diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder. |
| A) | Choline | ||
| B) | Serotonin | ||
| C) | Dopamine | ||
| D) | Norepinephrine |
| A) | stimulating the release of dopamine. | ||
| B) | decreased transmission of serotonin and norepinephrine. | ||
| C) | increased postsynaptic dopamine activity following its blocked presynaptic reuptake. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | by smoking. | ||
| B) | intranasally. | ||
| C) | cutaneously. | ||
| D) | intravenously. |
| A) | 2 to 4 minutes | ||
| B) | 20 to 40 minutes | ||
| C) | 2 to 4 hours | ||
| D) | 12 to 14 hours |
| A) | decreased arterial pressure. | ||
| B) | increased locomotor activity. | ||
| C) | decreased myocardial oxygen demand. | ||
| D) | hypothermia secondary to vasodilatation. |
| A) | vasodilatation. | ||
| B) | increase in blood flow. | ||
| C) | inflammation of blood vessel walls. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | are only the result of chronic administration of the drug. | ||
| B) | are rare, as the drug has little affinity for cardiac tissue. | ||
| C) | are induced only in those individuals with a positive history for cardiac conditions. | ||
| D) | stem primarily from the powerful sympathomimetic properties of the drug. |
| A) | liver toxicity. | ||
| B) | malnutrition. | ||
| C) | acute bowel perforation. | ||
| D) | gastroduodenal ulceration. |
| A) | are relatively low cost and require little labor or commitment. | ||
| B) | provide competing reinforcement through the development of a positive lifestyle. | ||
| C) | aim to increase abstinence by forcing the individual to become isolated in an effort to remove environmental cues. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | seems to be more effective in those with low initial levels of motivation. | ||
| B) | tends to result in fewer total days of cocaine use, but a greater risk for relapse. | ||
| C) | strives to build and strengthen relationships and establish appropriate leisure activities. | ||
| D) | helps patients build internal motivation through the resolution of issues related to past trauma. |
| A) | Decrease in available dopamine | ||
| B) | Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase | ||
| C) | Increase in the metabolite acetaldehyde | ||
| D) | Inhibition of the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine |
| A) | its ability to eliminate cravings. | ||
| B) | disappointing results of pharmacotherapy trials that targeted reward pathways. | ||
| C) | its protection against stimulant drugs that are structurally distinct from cocaine. | ||
| D) | the lack of variation in antibody formation across cocaine-dependent individuals. |
| A) | a peak in feelings of paranoia. | ||
| B) | episodic craving that is gradually extinguished. | ||
| C) | prolonged anhedonia, impaired motivation, and an increased risk for relapse. | ||
| D) | acute withdrawal symptoms, including depression, tachycardia and unstable blood pressure. |