|
| A) | 4.2% to 4.5% | ||
| B) | 12% to 30% | ||
| C) | 42% to 45% | ||
| D) | 85% to 95% |
| A) | Brazil | ||
| B) | China | ||
| C) | Norway | ||
| D) | The United States |
| A) | Dental amalgam has been identified as a carcinogen and is banned by the FDA. | ||
| B) | Because dental amalgam has been found to be definitively safe in all instances, no further research is being conducted. | ||
| C) | There is clear evidence that dental amalgam is a significant cause of neurologic disease in patients with sensitivity to mercury. | ||
| D) | To date, studies have not found scientific evidence demonstrating the use of dental amalgam is a precipitating factor in the development of systemic disease. |
| A) | are considered systemic fluorides. | ||
| B) | are available in pill, tablet, or liquid form. | ||
| C) | can help reduce the potential for teeth to develop carious lesions. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | 0.7 mg/L water. | ||
| B) | 1.7 mg/L water. | ||
| C) | 2.9 mg/L water. | ||
| D) | 4 mg/L water. |
| A) | osteoporosis. | ||
| B) | renal disorders. | ||
| C) | dental fluorosis. | ||
| D) | skeletal fluorosis. |
| A) | 0.2% | ||
| B) | 2% | ||
| C) | 23% | ||
| D) | 98% |
| A) | There is no evidence of impact of fluoride consumption on IQ or cognitive ability. | ||
| B) | Fluoride does appear to negatively affect IQ, primarily among older adults following lifelong exposure. | ||
| C) | Results of studies regarding the impact of fluoride consumption during pregnancy on the IQ of offspring are conflicting. | ||
| D) | The evidence clearly supports an increase in IQ of children born to women who consumed high levels of fluoride during pregnancy. |
| A) | Alveolar osteitis | ||
| B) | Pulpitis without swelling | ||
| C) | Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis | ||
| D) | Uncomplicated adult periodontitis |
| A) | 10% | ||
| B) | 25% | ||
| C) | 50% | ||
| D) | 75% |
| A) | A. | ||
| B) | B. | ||
| C) | C. | ||
| D) | D. |
| A) | all dental treatments should be avoided. | ||
| B) | radiographs are contraindicated in all cases. | ||
| C) | dental treatment should be limited to basic periodontal prophylaxis (if needed) and emergency treatments. | ||
| D) | clinicians should avoid scaring patients by discussing potential oral health issues that may arise during pregnancy. |
| A) | overgrowth of certain bacterial species. | ||
| B) | changes in the proportion of Prevotella intermedia. | ||
| C) | increases in the ratio of bacterial anaerobes to aerobes. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | on her left side. | ||
| B) | on her right side. | ||
| C) | in a supine position. | ||
| D) | upright with her head between her knees. |
| A) | inhibit platelet aggregation. | ||
| B) | can infiltrate the vascular endothelium. | ||
| C) | are very rarely present in atheromatous lesions. | ||
| D) | may indirectly, but not directly, cause damage to the vascular endothelium. |
| A) | impaired glycemic response. | ||
| B) | increased vascular reactivity. | ||
| C) | an increase in endothelium-derived nitric oxide production. | ||
| D) | enhanced inflammatory response at the local and systemic levels. |
| A) | impaired healing. | ||
| B) | increased fibrinolysis. | ||
| C) | increased vasodilation. | ||
| D) | accumulation of glycation end products in the gingiva. |
| A) | results in more protracted effects. | ||
| B) | is absorbed more quickly through the oral mucosa. | ||
| C) | has a lower risk for addiction than smoked tobacco. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | The vapor generated includes tar. | ||
| B) | No carcinogens are produced during the vaping process. | ||
| C) | Adolescent use of e-cigarettes increased between 2017 and 2018. | ||
| D) | E-cigarettes can be considered a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. |
| A) | Acute provider shortages | ||
| B) | Large pediatric population | ||
| C) | Fluoridated community water | ||
| D) | Lower rate of poverty compared to metro areas |