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| A) | nurse-centered. | ||
| B) | patient-centered. | ||
| C) | physician-centered. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | The Joint Commission, case law, and the medical technology boom | ||
| B) | The Joint Commission, case law, and research and experimentation | ||
| C) | World War II research and experimentation, presidential elections, and the Joint Commission | ||
| D) | World War II research and experimentation, increased medical technology, and modernization of healthcare structure and organization |
| A) | the Tuskegee experiment, the Willowbrook State School experiment, and the Belmont report. | ||
| B) | the Belmont report, the Los Alamos project, and the elderly patients with chronic illness injected with live cancer cells. | ||
| C) | elderly patients with chronic illness injected with live cancer cells, the Tuskegee experiment, and Nutrasweet effects on teenagers. | ||
| D) | the Willowbrook State School experiment, the Tuskegee experiment, and elderly patients with chronic illness injected with live cancer cells. |
| A) | Tuskegee case | ||
| B) | Nancy Cruzan case | ||
| C) | Karen Ann Quinlan case | ||
| D) | Protection of Human Subjects case |
| A) | physician-assisted suicide. | ||
| B) | withdrawing of ventilator support from a permanently unconscious patient. | ||
| C) | removing an artificial feeding tube from a permanently unconscious patient. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | the withdrawing of ventilatory support. | ||
| B) | the removal of an artificial feeding tube. | ||
| C) | the family members spoke for the individuals. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | incompetent patients have the same rights as competent patients. | ||
| B) | the right to refuse treatment is an issue to be decided at the state level. | ||
| C) | artificial nutrition and hydration are not considered medical treatment. | ||
| D) | the decision-making process should never be made in the clinical setting. |
| A) | state level. | ||
| B) | federal level. | ||
| C) | county level. | ||
| D) | hospital level. |
| A) | require clients to make out a living will. | ||
| B) | provide staff and the community education regarding issues associated with advance directives. | ||
| C) | halt care if there is not specific knowledge of the availability of an advanced directive for the patient in need of care. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | prime directive. | ||
| B) | advance directive. | ||
| C) | last will and testament. | ||
| D) | financial durable power of attorney. |
| A) | patients to write their own treatment orders on the physician order form. | ||
| B) | patients to document their treatment wishes should they become unable to speak for themselves. | ||
| C) | the named surrogate to act on the financial matters of the patient who is unable to speak for himself/herself. | ||
| D) | the patient to name an attorney-in-fact to act on behalf of him/her for healthcare decisions, should the patient become unable to speak for himself/herself. |
| A) | advance directives. | ||
| B) | ethical issues in providing care. | ||
| C) | patient involvement in care decisions. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | Negotiating, harboring, enlisting, issuing, delegating, acceptance | ||
| B) | Denial, anger, resistance, bargaining, acceptance, enlisting, issuing | ||
| C) | Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, fidelity, right-to-know, justice, veracity | ||
| D) | Dependence, benevolent, non-benevolent, finality, wrong-to-know, judicious, veracity |
| A) | truthfulness. | ||
| B) | ability to self-pay for services. | ||
| C) | making and keeping promises. | ||
| D) | personal rights and self-determination. |
| A) | the principle that all people are not of equal value. | ||
| B) | lying is ethical if it is seen to be in the person's best interest. | ||
| C) | based upon the principle that people should always be treated as a means to an end. | ||
| D) | a system of ethical decision making that stands on moral rules and unwavering principles. |
| A) | It is known as the virtue system of ethics. | ||
| B) | The fundamental maxim is to do good and avoid evil. | ||
| C) | Both A and B | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | certified by a judge as competent. | ||
| B) | able to converse with healthcare staff. | ||
| C) | proven to make healthy and correct decisions. | ||
| D) | able to understand information relevant to the decision at hand and to weigh the possible alternatives. |
| A) | The nurse | ||
| B) | The physician | ||
| C) | The patient/family | ||
| D) | An objective outside party |
| A) | sorting the issues. | ||
| B) | solving the problem. | ||
| C) | implementing the decision. | ||
| D) | gathering and assessing facts. |
| A) | The nurse's | ||
| B) | The physician's | ||
| C) | The patient's/family's | ||
| D) | The healthcare facility's |