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| A) | Elevated triglycerides (150 mg/dL or greater) | ||
| B) | Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (<40 mg/dL in men, <50 mg/dL in women) | ||
| C) | Abdominal obesity/central adiposity (waist circumference >102 cm [40 inches] in men, >88 cm [35 inches] in women) | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | HDL greater than 50 mg/dL | ||
| B) | Fasting glucose 80–100 mg/dL | ||
| C) | Triglyceride level less than 150 mg/dL | ||
| D) | Blood pressure greater than 130/85 mm Hg |
| A) | The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is similar among men and women. | ||
| B) | Prevalence is lower among non-Hispanic Black adults than among non-Hispanic White adults. | ||
| C) | Fewer than one in four adults 60 years of age and older have metabolic syndrome. | ||
| D) | Prevalence is higher among Hispanic adults than among non-Hispanic Black adults. |
| A) | Obesity costs an estimated $17 billion annually. | ||
| B) | Diagnosed diabetes cost an estimated $413 billion in 2022. | ||
| C) | Metabolic syndrome costs an estimated $117 billion annually. | ||
| D) | Metabolic syndrome costs an estimated $132 billion annually. |
| A) | younger age. | ||
| B) | intra-abdominal fat. | ||
| C) | persistent xerostomia. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | 1.95 | ||
| B) | 2.52 | ||
| C) | 3.77 | ||
| D) | 4.53 |
| A) | lipid profile. | ||
| B) | measurement of vital signs. | ||
| C) | measurement of waist circumference. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | pharmacotherapy. | ||
| B) | strict calorie restriction. | ||
| C) | insulin and immunotherapy. | ||
| D) | effective lifestyle interventions, focusing on nutrition and exercise. |
| A) | 10% to 15% | ||
| B) | 15% to 25% | ||
| C) | 20% to 35% | ||
| D) | 25% to 40% |
| A) | 1% | ||
| B) | 5% | ||
| C) | 10% | ||
| D) | 15% |
| A) | 20 minutes | ||
| B) | 30 minutes | ||
| C) | 45 minutes | ||
| D) | 60 minutes |
| A) | Moderate exercise should noticeably raise the heart rate. | ||
| B) | Some data suggest that a person can be overweight and fit if they exercise regularly. | ||
| C) | Patients should alternate between flexibility, aerobic, and resistance training. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | BMI greater than 25 | ||
| B) | BMI greater than or equal to 30 | ||
| C) | BMI greater than or equal to 27 with comorbidities | ||
| D) | Both B and C |
| A) | Typical dosage of orlistat is 120 mg with each meal. | ||
| B) | Orlistat is a gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor. | ||
| C) | Orlistat is a norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. | ||
| D) | Both A and B |
| A) | BMI less than 30 | ||
| B) | BMI between 27 and 30 without comorbidities | ||
| C) | BMI between 27 and 30 with comorbidities | ||
| D) | BMI of 35 or greater, regardless of comorbidities |
| A) | Improved gastrointestinal tolerance | ||
| B) | Improved vitamin B12 availability | ||
| C) | Prevention or delay of frank diabetes | ||
| D) | Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease |
| A) | low LDL level. | ||
| B) | low HDL level. | ||
| C) | elevated HDL level. | ||
| D) | low triglyceride level. |
| A) | LDL | ||
| B) | HDL | ||
| C) | Triglycerides | ||
| D) | Total cholesterol |
| A) | 120/80 mm Hg. | ||
| B) | 130/80 mm Hg. | ||
| C) | 140/90 mm Hg. | ||
| D) | 150/80 mm Hg. |
| A) | The DASH diet has been shown to reduce blood pressure. | ||
| B) | Thiazide diuretics should not be used in people with metabolic syndrome. | ||
| C) | Lifestyle intervention has not been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure. | ||
| D) | All of the above |