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| A) | is higher in men. | ||
| B) | decreases with age. | ||
| C) | is equal in men and women. | ||
| D) | is approximately 53 per 100,000 for women annually, and about half that for men. |
| A) | There is no correlation with increased depression rates and RA. | ||
| B) | One-fifth of the premature deaths in patients with RA are due to increased cardiovascular disease. | ||
| C) | The risk of developing RA is nearly double for current smokers compared with nonsmokers. | ||
| D) | Studies have found similar mortality rates in patients with RA as compared with the general population. |
| A) | It is likely an autoimmune disease. | ||
| B) | It is believed that infectious, genetic, and hormonal factors may be contributing factors. | ||
| C) | If one monozygotic twin has RA, there is a 1 in 2 chance that the other twin will develop the same disease. | ||
| D) | Both A and B |
| A) | joint pain is most often localized to one region. | ||
| B) | joint stiffness is most prominent in the evening. | ||
| C) | there is decreased muscle strength and range of motion in joints. | ||
| D) | physical exam most often shows a markedly elevated body temperature. |
| A) | Thrombocytosis | ||
| B) | Normocyctic normochromic anemia | ||
| C) | C-reactive protein level less than 0.5 pg/mL | ||
| D) | Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody |
| A) | Chronic tophaceous gout rarely mimics severe nodular RA. | ||
| B) | Sarcoidosis is not a condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis. | ||
| C) | Systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, and reactive arthritis should be considered in both early and late RA. | ||
| D) | In later disease, self-limited viral syndromes such as hepatitis B and C, parvovirus, rubella, and Epstein-Barr virus should be considered. |
| A) | Arthritis should affect at least two joints. | ||
| B) | At least one of the swollen joints should be in the large joints. | ||
| C) | A duration of symptoms of seven weeks is scored as 1 point. | ||
| D) | According to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) scale, there are 10 criteria for classification. |
| A) | probable RA is clearly defined. | ||
| B) | a patient can be designated as having classic RA. | ||
| C) | a patient with Class I disease is limited in his/her ability to perform usual self-care activities. | ||
| D) | a patient is said to have RA if he/she scores at least 6 points in the established classification criteria. |
| A) | RA does not require lifelong treatment. | ||
| B) | RA is a curable disease that can be treated with a set pharmaceutical regimen. | ||
| C) | Patients with suspected RA should be referred within one month of presentation. | ||
| D) | The earlier a patient's rheumatoid arthritis disease is diagnosed, the earlier aggressive treatment for RA can be started, thereby delaying joint destruction. |
| A) | Treat-to-target | ||
| B) | Watch and wait | ||
| C) | Pyramid approach | ||
| D) | Symptom alleviation |
| A) | Disease severity | ||
| B) | Patient compliance | ||
| C) | Presence of various comorbidities | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | Leflunomide | ||
| B) | Azathioprine | ||
| C) | Sulfasalazine | ||
| D) | Methotrexate |
| A) | Adalimumab is a surface antibody on B cells. | ||
| B) | Rituximab is given as an oral monthly medication. | ||
| C) | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are generally only used if non-TNF agents fail to control disease. | ||
| D) | TNF inhibitors block a protein in the body involved in producing inflammation. |
| A) | they are adequate therapy to use alone as they alter the disease course. | ||
| B) | symptoms will not recur when steroids are abruptly withdrawn as therapy. | ||
| C) | cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors must be used with caution due to potential adverse effects. | ||
| D) | the maximum effective steroid dosages should be used because of the high risk of side effects, such as osteoporosis, cataracts, Cushingoid symptoms, and blood glucose level elevation. |
| A) | The most successful surgery occurs in the hands. | ||
| B) | Range of motion exercises are generally not useful. | ||
| C) | Surgeries cannot relieve joint pain, correct deformities, or improve joint function. | ||
| D) | Special devices may be used to apply deep heat or electrical stimulation to reduce pain and improve joint mobility. |
| A) | Yoga | ||
| B) | Fish oil | ||
| C) | Biofeedback | ||
| D) | Thunder god vine extract |
| A) | Diagnosis confirmed by angiogram | ||
| B) | Chest x-ray to confirm the condition | ||
| C) | At least four objective criteria to confirm the condition | ||
| D) | Peripheral edema, dyspnea/orthopnea, ascites, or dysrhythmia |
| A) | Xerostomia | ||
| B) | Positive biopsy | ||
| C) | Keratoconjunctivitis sicca | ||
| D) | Serologic tests positive for rheumatoid factor, anti-Ro (SSA), or anti-La (SSB) antibodies |
| A) | no difference has been noted between the outcomes of single and combination DMARD therapy. | ||
| B) | more than 75% of patients studied have shown remission with methotrexate and biologic therapy. | ||
| C) | severe disability and life-threatening complications have increased with current treatment modalities. | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | 17% to 20% | ||
| B) | 30% to 40% | ||
| C) | 40% to 50% | ||
| D) | 60% to 70% |