|
| A) | 1795. | ||
| B) | 1895. | ||
| C) | 1925. | ||
| D) | 1985. |
| A) | measured in Sieverts. | ||
| B) | a single recorded image. | ||
| C) | the amount of energy imparted into a tissue at a specific point. | ||
| D) | the amount of energy transferred from the x-ray beam into charged particles in the tissue of interest. |
| A) | Ethnicity | ||
| B) | Patient age | ||
| C) | Underlying disease | ||
| D) | Idiopathic etiology |
| A) | peak skin dose. | ||
| B) | threshold dose. | ||
| C) | reference point air kerma. | ||
| D) | significant radiation dose. |
| A) | X-ray tube | ||
| B) | Hounsfield unit | ||
| C) | X-ray generator | ||
| D) | Image intensifier |
| A) | higher quality images. | ||
| B) | lower radiation exposure. | ||
| C) | shorter radiation wavelengths. | ||
| D) | lower ability of x-rays to penetrate the target tissue. |
| A) | stops the unit from recording images. | ||
| B) | pauses the x-ray beam in the on position. | ||
| C) | activates the "dead man"-type foot switch. | ||
| D) | allows the last recorded position of the device to be visualized. |
| A) | is the result of flat-plane digital detectors. | ||
| B) | results in images that are sharper at the periphery. | ||
| C) | is the phenomenon of a falloff in brightness and spatial resolution. | ||
| D) | occurs because the x-rays emanate from a spherical surface and are detected on a flat surface. |
| A) | iodine. | ||
| B) | barium. | ||
| C) | helium. | ||
| D) | hydrogen. |
| A) | Iodixanol | ||
| B) | Metrizoate | ||
| C) | Diatrizoate | ||
| D) | Iothalamate |
| A) | Pyelography | ||
| B) | Uterine embolization | ||
| C) | Pulmonary angiogram | ||
| D) | Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation |
| A) | Diabetes | ||
| B) | Younger age | ||
| C) | Hypotension | ||
| D) | High hematocrit |
| A) | primarily the result of hypo-osmolality. | ||
| B) | not a risk for patients undergoing fluoroscopy. | ||
| C) | characterized by pain, edema, swelling, and cellulitis. | ||
| D) | always evident within the first few hours of administration. |
| A) | They are nephrotoxic at approved doses for MRI. | ||
| B) | They have greater radiopacity compared with iodinated agents. | ||
| C) | They have not been associated with changes in serum electrolytes. | ||
| D) | They are less likely than iodine-based reactions to cause adverse reactions. |
| A) | exposure to ionizing radiation. | ||
| B) | the capture of low-quality images. | ||
| C) | inability to continuously obtain images. | ||
| D) | the inability to apply the modality to older adults. |
| A) | identify neoplastic masses. | ||
| B) | diagnose mucosal irregularities of the esophagus. | ||
| C) | assess patients for gastroesophageal reflux disease. | ||
| D) | determine the cause and severity of aspiration into the trachea. |
| A) | Heart transplant | ||
| B) | Cardiac arrhythmia | ||
| C) | Anticoagulation therapy | ||
| D) | Cardiomyopathy or myocarditis |
| A) | Heart transplantation | ||
| B) | Left heart catheterization | ||
| C) | Trans-septal cardiac catheterization | ||
| D) | Mitral balloon catheter valvuloplasty |
| A) | hematuria. | ||
| B) | filling defects. | ||
| C) | congenital ureteral obstruction. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | is never naturally occurring. | ||
| B) | may be caused by gamma photons. | ||
| C) | reacts directly with biologic tissues. | ||
| D) | is less damaging to tissues than directly ionizing radiation. |
| A) | X-rays | ||
| B) | Radio waves | ||
| C) | Gamma rays | ||
| D) | Higher spectrum ultraviolet waves |
| A) | hydroxyl radicals. | ||
| B) | genetic abnormalities. | ||
| C) | direct cellular damage. | ||
| D) | the cellular repair process. |
| A) | Repairing DNA | ||
| B) | Absorbing energy evenly | ||
| C) | Attacking reactive oxygen species | ||
| D) | Eliminating mutated or unstable cells |
| A) | 5 mSv (0.5 rem). | ||
| B) | 150 mSv (15 rem). | ||
| C) | 500 mSv (50 rem). | ||
| D) | 1,000 mSv (100 rem). |
| A) | Hair loss | ||
| B) | Induction of cancer | ||
| C) | Bone marrow depression | ||
| D) | Spontaneous miscarriage |
| A) | correlates with operator and staff dose. | ||
| B) | is not recommended for fluoroscopic procedures. | ||
| C) | is a poor indicator of stochastic risk for the patient. | ||
| D) | is a good measure of skin dose for individual cases of a procedure and is therefore a good predictor of deterministic risk. |
| A) | TIPS revision | ||
| B) | Renal angioplasty | ||
| C) | Complex multilevel kyphoplasty | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | 500 mGy and then every 100 mGy after that point. | ||
| B) | 1,000 mGy and then every 100 mGy after that point. | ||
| C) | 2,000 mGy and then every 500 mGy after that point. | ||
| D) | 5,000 mGy and then every 1,000 mGy after that point. |
| A) | do not include teratogenicity. | ||
| B) | include abortion and intrauterine growth restriction. | ||
| C) | are common even with normal diagnostic procedures. | ||
| D) | are not a significant risk with complicated interventional procedures. |
| A) | 1–2 mGy (0.1–0.2 rad). | ||
| B) | 100–200 mGy (10–20 rad). | ||
| C) | 500–750 mGy (50–75 rad). | ||
| D) | 1,000–2,000 mGy (100–200 rad). |