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| A) | Genetic predisposition | ||
| B) | Adverse childhood experiences | ||
| C) | Children with conduct problems | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | Tolerance | ||
| B) | Withdrawal | ||
| C) | Recreational use | ||
| D) | Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use |
| A) | There is little evidence that substance use is sensitive to the application of contingencies. | ||
| B) | Contrived contingencies are less likely to result in relapse to drug use following removal of the reinforcer. | ||
| C) | Naturalistic contingencies are less likely to maintain the initial gains made by the patient and to facilitate the sustained change of behavior over time. | ||
| D) | The goal is to increase the opportunity cost of substance use by arranging an environment where drug use results in the forfeiture of a predetermined item or privilege. |
| A) | Solitude training | ||
| B) | Cognitive and affective regulation | ||
| C) | Coping skills to manage stressful life events | ||
| D) | Coping skills when substances or substance-related cues are encountered |
| A) | Dizziness | ||
| B) | Weight gain | ||
| C) | Difficulty breathing | ||
| D) | Decreased interest in sex |
| A) | one 333-mg delayed-release tablet twice daily. | ||
| B) | three 50-mg immediate-release tablets twice daily. | ||
| C) | two 333-mg delayed-release tablets three times daily. | ||
| D) | two 100-mg delayed-release tablets three times daily. |
| A) | LAAM | ||
| B) | Naloxone | ||
| C) | Methadone | ||
| D) | Buprenorphine |
| A) | LAAM. | ||
| B) | naloxone. | ||
| C) | methadone. | ||
| D) | buprenorphine. |
| A) | 25%. | ||
| B) | 50%. | ||
| C) | 80%. | ||
| D) | 100%. |
| A) | 5–10 mg. | ||
| B) | 10–30 mg. | ||
| C) | 60–120 mg. | ||
| D) | 120–240 mg. |
| A) | lower risk of overdose. | ||
| B) | shorter duration of action. | ||
| C) | more severe withdrawal syndrome following cessation. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | 2 mg. | ||
| B) | 5 mg. | ||
| C) | 10 mg. | ||
| D) | 12 mg or greater. |
| A) | 4 weeks. | ||
| B) | 8 weeks. | ||
| C) | 12 weeks. | ||
| D) | 24 weeks. |
| A) | FDA-approved pharmacotherapy and counseling | ||
| B) | Contingency management together with FDA-approved pharmacotherapy and counseling | ||
| C) | Twelve-step facilitation therapy together with FDA-approved pharmacotherapy and counseling | ||
| D) | None of the above |
| A) | In the United States, 1 million adults have cooccurring mental and substance use disorders. | ||
| B) | No specific combinations of mental and substance use disorders are defined uniquely as co occurring disorders. | ||
| C) | Patients with comorbid disorders demonstrate poorer treatment adherence and higher rates of treatment dropout than those without mental illness. | ||
| D) | Integrated treatment for comorbid drug use disorder and mental illness has been found to be consistently superior compared with separate treatment of each diagnosis. |
| A) | stabilization of the patient's substance use disorder. | ||
| B) | stabilization of the patient's mental health disorder. | ||
| C) | a goal of six to nine weeks abstinence before addressing comorbidities. | ||
| D) | any mental disorder symptoms that appear to resolve during abstinence. |
| A) | Confidentiality | ||
| B) | Access to services | ||
| C) | Informed consent | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | the highest safe dose. | ||
| B) | extended-release opioids. | ||
| C) | a quantity no greater than that needed for the expected duration of severe pain. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | Patient reluctance to take opioids or to report pain | ||
| B) | Clinician reluctance to prescribe opioids or believe pain reports | ||
| C) | Desire to be a "good" patient and concern about the high cost of medications | ||
| D) | Anxiety about disease progression and unpleasant side effects from pain medications |
| A) | Low | ||
| B) | Medium | ||
| C) | High | ||
| D) | Severe |
| A) | consists of 5 items. | ||
| B) | is patient administered. | ||
| C) | diagnoses depression in the past month. | ||
| D) | assesses the likelihood of current substance abuse. |
| A) | Confusion, Agitation, S3 Gallop, Edema. | ||
| B) | Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener. | ||
| C) | Chloral hydrate, Alcohol, Glutethimide, Ethchlorvynol. | ||
| D) | un-Controllable urge to drink, un-Able to limit intake, un-Grateful for help to stop drinking, un-Excited about treatment. |
| A) | Identification of an opioid use disorder does not alter the expected benefits and risks of opioid therapy for pain. | ||
| B) | Patients with co-occurring pain and substance use disorder should not receive pain management until their substance use disorder is controlled. | ||
| C) | Clinicians should use nonpharmacologic and nonopioid pharmacologic pain treatments as appropriate to provide optimal pain management for these patients. | ||
| D) | For patients who are treated with buprenorphine for opioid use disorder and experience acute pain, clinicians should not increase the buprenorphine dosing frequency. |
| A) | Analgesia | ||
| B) | Acceptance | ||
| C) | Affect (i.e., patient mood) | ||
| D) | Aberrant drug-related behaviors |
| A) | 6 to 12 weeks. | ||
| B) | 3 to 6 months. | ||
| C) | 6 to 12 months. | ||
| D) | 1 to 2 years. |
| A) | Opioids have the potential for drug dependence and addiction, but benzodiazepines do not. | ||
| B) | If a benzodiazepine is to be discontinued, the clinician should taper the medication gradually. | ||
| C) | In 2019, 16% of persons who died of an opioid overdose also tested positive for benzodiazepines. | ||
| D) | Combining benzodiazepines with opioids is unsafe because both classes of drug cause central nervous system depression and sedation and can decrease respiratory drive. |
| A) | Patients are almost always advised of what to do with unused or expired medications. | ||
| B) | There are no universal recommendations for the proper disposal of unused opioids. | ||
| C) | According to the FDA, most medications should be flushed down the toilet instead of thrown in the trash. | ||
| D) | All of the above |
| A) | a friend or relative for free. | ||
| B) | a prescription from one doctor. | ||
| C) | purchase from a drug dealer or other stranger. | ||
| D) | theft from a doctor's office, clinic, hospital, or pharmacy. |
| A) | Asking for specific medications | ||
| B) | Injecting medications meant for oral use | ||
| C) | Reluctance to decrease opioid dosing once stable | ||
| D) | Stockpiling medications during times when pain is less severe |
| A) | Institutes of Medicine | ||
| B) | U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration | ||
| C) | Office of National Drug Control Policy | ||
| D) | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |