2. Crews JE. The role of public health in addressing aging and sensory loss. Generations. 2003;27(10):83-90.
3. Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16:223–237
4. World Health Organization. Hypertension. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension. Last accessed December 27, 2021.
5. Materson BJ, Garcia-Estrada M, Preston RA. Hypertension in the frail elderly. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2016;10(6):536-541.
6. National Osteoporosis Foundation. Are You at Risk? Available at https://www.nof.org/preventing-fractures/general-facts/bone-basics/are-you-at-risk. Last accessed December 27, 2021.
7. National Osteoporosis Foundation. Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Washington, DC: National Osteoporosis Foundation; 2014.
8. Office of the Surgeon General. Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45513. Last accessed December 27, 2021.
9. Shevde NK, Bendixen AC, Dienger KM, Pike JW. Estrogens suppress RANK ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via a stromal cell independent mechanism involving c-Jun repression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97(14):7829-7834.
10. Moayyeri A, Luben RN, Bingham SA, Welch AA, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Measured height loss predicts fractures in middle-aged and older men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23(3):425-432.
11. International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Official Positions. Available at https://iscd.org/learn/official-positions. Last accessed December 27, 2021.
12. The North American Menopause Society. Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: the 2021 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2021;28(9):973-997.
13. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening. Available at https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening. Last accessed December 27, 2021.
14. Garcia Basalo MM, Fernandeza MB, Ojea Quintana M, et al. ALBA Screening Instrument (ASI): A brief screening tool for Lewy Body Dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;70:67-75.
15. Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology for clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2020 update. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(Suppl 1):1-46.
16. Licata AA. Diagnosing primary osteoporosis: it's more than a T-score. Cleve Clin J Med. 2006;73(5):473-476.
17. Lawrence R, Felson DT, Helmick CG, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part II. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:26-35.
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Osteoarthritis. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/osteoarthritis.htm. Last accessed December 27, 2021.
19. Lozada CJ. Osteoarthritis. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-overview. Last accessed December 27, 2021.
20. Galvin JE. The Lewy Body Composite Risk Score. Available at http://med.fau.edu/research/Lewy%20Body%20Composite%20Risk%20Score%20Form%20and%20Instructions.pdf. Last accessed January 27, 2022.
21. Hunter DJ. Imaging insights on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2009;35(4):447-463.
23. Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res. 2020;72(2):149-162.
24. Yon Y, Mikton CR., Gassoumis ZD, Wilber KH. Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Global Health. 2017;5(2):e147-e156.
25. Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, et al. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67.
26. National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care Consortium Organizations. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care. 4th ed. Pittsburgh, PA: National Consensus Project; 2018.
27. Lozada CJ. Osteoarthritis Differential Diagnosis. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-differential. Last accessed December 27, 2021.
28. Steinhauser K, Clipp EC, McNeilly M, et al. In search of a good death: observations of patients, families, and providers.Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:825-832.
29. Singer PA, Martin DK, Kelner M. Quality end-of-life care: patients' perspectives. JAMA. 1999;281:163-168.
30. Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019;27(2):1578-1589.
31. National Council on Aging. Get the Facts on Elder Abuse. Available at https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse. Last accessed January 27, 2022.
32. Suda S, Sugihara G, Suyama R, Mori N, Takei N. Donepezil and concurrent sertraline treatment is associated with increased hippocampal volume in a patient with depression. JClin Psychiatry. 2010;71(6):806-808.
33. Hamilton J. Considering alternative causes of dementia: is it Alzheimer's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies? California Psychol. 2010;43(6):12-14.
34. Crystal HA. Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1135041-overview. Last accessed January 27, 2022.
35. Riva E, Tettamanti M, Mosconi P, et al. Association of mild anemia with hospitalization and mortality in the elderly: the Health and Anemia population-based study. Haematologica. 2009;94(1):22-28.
36. Lefebvre P, Duh MS, Buteau S, Bookhart B, Mody SH. Medical costs of untreated anemia in elderly patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nerphrol. 2006;17(12):3497-3502.
37. de Moraes NS, Figueiredo MS. Challenges in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in aged people. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2017;39(3):191-192.
39. Lewy Body Dementia Association. About LBD. Available at https://www.lbda.org/about-lbd. Last accessed January 27, 2022.
40. Gowanlock Z, Sriram S, Martin A, et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in elderly patients with anemia: response and cardiovascular outcomes. Blood Adv. 2017;1(19):1538-1545.
41. Ali N. Failure to Thrive in Elderly Adults. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2096163-overview. Last accessed January 17, 2022.
42. GBD 2019 Collaborators. Global mortality from dementia: application of a new method and results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Alzheimers Dement. 2021;7(1):e12200.
44. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. End-of-Life Hospital Spending for Medicare Beneficiaries with Chronic Health Conditions Varies Widely, Study Finds. Available at https://khn.org/morning-breakout/dr00051385. Last accessed January 17, 2022.
45. Smith KL, Greenwood C, Payette H, Alibhai SMH. An approach to the nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management of unintentional weight loss among older adults. Geriatr Aging. 2007;10(2):91-98.
46. Oliver D. Older people who fall: why they matter and what you can do. Br J Community Nurs. 2007;12(11):500-507.
47. Delaune MF, Ciolek C. Falls in community dwelling older adults: examination and evaluation. Magazine of Physical Therapy. 2007;15(11):34-41.
48. Dhargave P, Sendhilkumar R. Prevalence of risk factors for falls among elderly people living in long-term care homes. J Clin Gerontology Geriatrics. 2016;7(3):99-103.
49. Doherty-King B, Yoon JY, Pecanac K, et al. Frequency and duration of nursing care related to older patient mobility. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2014;46(1):20-27.
50. Shifren JL, Monz BU, Russo PA, Segreti A, Johannes CB. Sexual problems and distress in United States women: prevalence and correlates. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(5):970-978.
51. Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. JAMA. 1999;281(6):537-544.
52. Laumann EO, Nicolosi A, Glasser DB, et al. Sexual problems among women and men aged 40–80 y: prevalence and correlates identified in the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. Int J Impot Res. 2005;17(1):39-57.
53. Lamont J, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Female sexual health consensus clinical guidelines. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2012;34(8):769-783.
54. Nappi RE, Kokot-Kierepa M. Vaginal health: insights, views & attitudes (VIVA)—results from an international survey. Climacteric. 2012;15(1):36-44.
55. Goldstein I, Dicks B, Kim NN, Hartzell R. Multidisciplinary overview of vaginal atrophy and associated genitourinary symptoms in post-menopausal women. Sex Med. 2013;1(2):44-53.
56. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
57. Andersson KE. Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63(4):811-859.
58. Buvat J, Maggi M, Gooren L, et al. Endocrine aspects of male sexual dysfunctions. J Sex Med. 2010;7(4 Pt 2):1627-1656.
59. Lewis RW, Fugl-Meyer KS, Corona G, et al. Definitions/epidemiology/risk factors for sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2010;7(4 Pt 2):1598-1607.
60. Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Feldman HA, Derby CA, Kleinman KP, McKinlay JB. Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 2000;163(2):460-463.
61. Tsertsvadze A, Yazdi F, Fink HA, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No.171. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2009.
62. Robinson L, Smith M, Segal J. Depression in Older Adults: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment. Available at https://www.helpguide.org/articles/depression/depression-in-older-adults.htm. Last accessed January 24, 2022.
63. Mitchell J, Trangle M, Degnan B, et al., for the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Depression, Adult in Primary Care. 17th ed. Available at https://www.icsi.org/guideline/depression. Last accessed January 24, 2022.
64. Kessler RC, Birnbaum H, Bromet E, Hwang I, Sampson N, Shahly V. Age differences in major depression: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Psychol Med. 2010;40(2):225-237.
65. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Vital Statistics System: Mortality Statistics. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/deaths.htm. Last accessed January 24, 2022.
66. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The Treatment of Depression in Older Adults: Depression and Older Adults: Key Issues. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2011.
67. Alzheimer's Association. 10 Early Signs and Symptoms of Alzheimer's. Available at https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/10_signs. Last accessed January 27, 2022.
68. Law J, Laidlaw K, Peck D. Is depression viewed as an inevitable consequence of age? The "understandability phenomenon" in older people. Clinical Gerontologist. 2010;33(3):194-209.
69. Uncapher H, Arean PA. Physicians are less willing to treat suicidal ideation in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:188-192.
70. Fischer LR, Wei F, Solberg LI, Rush WA, Heinrich RL. Treatment of elderly and other adult patients for depression in primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(11):1554-1562.
71. American Association of Suicidology. Facts and Statistics. Available at https://suicidology.org/facts-and-statistics. Last accessed January 24, 2022.
72. Administration on Aging. 2020 Profile of Older Americans. Available at https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Aging%20and%20Disability%20in%20America/2020ProfileOlderAmericans.Final_.pdf. Last accessed January 25, 2022.
73. Fernandes MA, Pacurar A, Moscovitch M, Grady C. Neural correlates of auditory recognition under full and divided attention in younger and older adults. Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(12):2452-2464.
74. Alzheimer's Association. 2021 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures. Available at https://www.alz.org/media/documents/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf. Last accessed January 25, 2022.
75. Mosconi LG, Glodzik L, Mistur R, et al. Oxidative stress and amyloid-beta pathology in normal and individuals with a maternal history of Alzheimer's. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68(10):913-921.
76. Bergland C. What Is the Best Way to Improve Your Brain Power for Life? Available at https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201401/what-is-the-best-way-improve-your-brain-power-life. Last accessed January 25, 2022.
77. Alzheimer's Association. Brain Health. Available at https://www.alz.org/brain-https://www.alz.org/help-support/brain_health. Last accessed January 25, 2022.
78. Petersen RC, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, et al. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is higher in men: the Mayo Clinic study on aging. Neurology. 2010;75(10):889-897.
79. Stagnitti MN. Person Characteristics of the Elderly Reporting One or More Cognitive Disorders, 2007. Available at https://meps.ahrq.gov/data_files/publications/st310/stat310.shtml. Last accessed January 25, 2022.
80. Smith JC, Nielson KA, Woodard JL, et al. Interactive effects of physical activity and APOE-ε4 on BOLD semantic memory activation in healthy elders. Neuroimage. 2011;54(1):635-644.
81. Willis SL, Tennstedt SL, Marsiske M et al. Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults. JAMA. 2006;296(23):2805-2814.
82. Martin RC, Annis SM, Darling LZ, Wadley V, Harrell L, Marson DC. Loss of calculation abilities in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(11):1585-1589.
83. Mayo Clinic. Dementia. Available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dementia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352013. Last accessed January 27, 2022.
84. Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Kiely DK, et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(16):1529-1538.
85. Alzheimer's Association. Types of Dementia. Available at https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia. Last accessed January 27, 2022.
86. Green R. Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias. 2nd ed. West Islip, NY: Professional Communications; 2005.
87. Shankle W, Amen D. Preventing Alzheimer's: Ways to Help Prevent, Delay, Detect, and Even Halt Alzheimer's Disease and Other Forms of Memory Loss. New York, NY: Penguin Group; 2004.
88. National Task Group on Intellectual Disabilities and Dementia Practices. Early Detection and Screen for Dementia (NTG-EDSD). Available at https://www.the-ntg.org/ntg-edsd. Last accessed January 27, 2022.
1. Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing. Unintentional Weight Loss. Available at https://hign.org/consultgeri/resources/symptoms/unintentional-weight-loss. Last accessed January 28, 2022.
2. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force final recommendation statement JAMA. 2018;320(16):1678-1687. Available at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2708121. Last accessed January 28, 2022.
Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement.