Works Cited

1. National Rural Health Association. Public Health Nursing: Strengthening the Core of Rural Public Health. Available at https://www.ruralhealthweb.org/getattachment/Advocate/Policy-Documents/PublicHealthNursingPolicyPaper.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

2. National Rural Health Association. Rural Public Health. Available at https://www.ruralhealthweb.org/getattachment/Advocate/Policy-Documents/NRHARuralPublicHealthPolicyPaperFeb2016.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

3. Health Resources and Services Administration. Preparing Nurses for New Roles in Population Health Management. Available at https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/hrsa/advisory-committees/nursing/reports/2016-fourteenthreport.pdf. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

4. Public Health Nursing Definition Document Task Force. The Definition and Practice of Public Health Nursing. Available at https://www.apha.org/~/media/files/pdf/membergroups/phn/nursingdefinition.ashx. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

5. Association of Public Health Nurses. What is a PHN? Available at https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/workforce/public-health-nursing. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Introduction to Public Health. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/publichealth101/index.html. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health. Core Functions of Public Health and How They Relate to the 10 Essential Services. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/ephli/core_ess.htm. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

8. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Defining the "Rural" in Rural America. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2008/june/defining-the-rural-in-rural-america/. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

9. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. What is Rural? Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-classifications/what-is-rural/. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

10. U.S. Census Bureau. Defining Rural at the U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey and Geography Brief. Available at https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/ua/Defining_Rural.pdf. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

11. U.S. Census Bureau. A Century of Delineating a Changing Landscape: The Census Bureau's Urban and Rural Classification, 1910 to 2010. Available at https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/ua/Century_of_Defining_Urban.pdf. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

12. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Rural Classifications Overview. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-classifications. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

13. Ingram DD, Franco SJ. 2013 NCHS urban-rural classification scheme for counties. Vital Health Stat. 2014;4(166):1-73.

14. National Rural Health Association. Definition of Frontier. Available at https://www.ruralhealthweb.org/getattachment/Advocate/Policy-Documents/NRHAFrontierDefPolicyPaperFeb2016.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

15. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report. Available at https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

16. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Public L No. 111-148, 124 Stat 119.

17. Health Resources and Services Administration. Statement of James Macrae Acting Administrator Health Resources and Services Administration Before the U.S. Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, Washington, D.C. Available at https://www.help.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Macrae1.pdf. Last accessed July 29, 2019.

18. National Rural Health Association. Designation of Frontier Health Professional Shortage Areas. Available at https://www.ruralhealth.us/getattachment/Advocate/Policy-Documents/DesignationofFrontierHealthProfessionalShortageAreasApril2015-(1).pdf.aspx?lang=en-US. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

19. National Museum of American History. Midwives on Horseback: Saddlebags and Science. Available at https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/midwives-horseback-saddlebags-and-science. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

20. U.S. Census Bureau. Change in Rural and Urban Population Size: 1910–2010. Available at https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2016/comm/acs-rural-urban.pdf. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Rural Health. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/ruralhealth/about.html. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

22. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Population and Migration Overview. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/population-migration. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

23. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Rural Areas Show Overall Population Decline and Shifting Regional Patterns of Population Change. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2017/september/rural-areas-show-overall-population-decline-and-shifting-regional-patterns-of-population-change. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

24. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Rural America at a Glance: 2021 Edition. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/102576/eib-230.pdf?v=660.4. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

25. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Rural Employment and Unemployment. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/employment-education/rural-employment-and-unemployment/. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

26. U.S. Census Bureau. A Comparison of Rural and Urban America: Household Income and Poverty. Available at https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/random-samplings/2016/12/a_comparison_of_rura.html. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

27. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Rural Poverty at a Glance: Rural Development Research Report 100. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/47002/30445_rdrr100full_002.pdf?v=41479. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

28. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Rural America at a Glance: 2021 Edition. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=80893. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

29. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Understanding Trends in Rural Child Poverty, 2003–2014. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2016/may/understanding-trends-in-rural-child-poverty-2003-14/. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

30. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. About Chronic Diseases. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm. Last accessed July 1, 2022.

31. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Strategic Framework: Optimum Health and Quality of Life for Individuals with Multiple Chronic Conditions. Available at https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ash/initiatives/mcc/mcc_framework.pdf. Last accessed July 1, 2022.

32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Arthritis Data and Statistics: Comorbidities. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/data_statistics/comorbidities.htm. Last accessed July 1, 2022.

33. National Conference of State Legislatures. Leading Causes of Death in Rural America. Available at https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leading-causes-of-death-in-rural-america-postcard.aspx. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rural Americans at Higher Risk of Death from Five Leading Causes. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/p0112-rural-death-risk.html. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

35. Brown DK, Lash S, Wright B, Tomisek A. Strengthening the Direct Service Workforce in Rural Areas. Available at https://www.paproviders.org/archives/secure/Toolkits/Workforce/3.6.pdf. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

36. Bolin J, Ferdinand AO. The Burden of Diabetes in Rural America. Available at https://www.ruralhealthresearch.org/projects/100002380. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

37. Callaghan TH, Ferdinand AO, Akinlotan MA, et al. The changing landscape of diabetes mortality in the United States across region and rurality: 1999–2016. Rural Health. 2020;36(3):410-415.

38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Power of Prevention Chronic Disease…The Public Health Challenge of the 21st Century. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/pdf/2009-power-of-prevention.pdf. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

39. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources Health Statistics Center. Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease: A National Burden. Available at http://www.wvdhhr.org/bph/hsc/pubs/other/clrd/national.htm. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

40. Temple KM. Pulmonary Health in Rural America: Cause and Impact of Work-Related Lung Diseases. Available at https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/rural-monitor/occupational-lung-diseases. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

41. Reyfman PA, Khuder B, Pierce et al. Urban-rural mortality disparities from chronic lower respiratory diseases in the United States:1999–2019. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(11):1435-1437.

42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Research Brief: Chronic Health Conditions and Academic Achievement, 2017. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/chronic_conditions/pdfs/2017_02_15-CHC-and-Academic-Achievement_Final_508.pdf. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Managing Arthritis in Rural Areas. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/communications/features/rural.htm. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Arthritis in Rural America. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/ruralhealth/arthritis/Arthritis.html. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

45. Boring MA, Hootman JA, Liu Y, et al. Prevalence of arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation by urban-rural county classification—United States, 2015. MMWR. 2017;66(20):527-532.

46. Panicker L. Nurses' perceptions of parent empowerment in chronic illness. Contemporary Nurse. 2013;45(2):210-219.

47. Eccleston C, Palermo TM, Fisher E, Law E. Psychological interventions for parents of children and adolescents with chronic illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;8:CD009660.

48. Pierce L, Lutz BJ. Family caregiving. In: Larsen PD (ed). Lubkin's Chronic Illness: Impact and Interventions. 10th ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2017: 191-226.

49. Sawyer SM, Drew S, Yeo MS, Britto MT. Adolescents with a chronic condition: challenges living, challenges treating. Lancet. 2007;369(9571):1481-1489.

50. Livneh H, Antonak RF. Psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability: a primer for counselors. J Counseling Dev. 2005;83(1):12-20.

51. Boss P, Couden BA. Ambiguous loss from chronic physical illness: clinical interventions with individuals, couples, and families.J Clin Psychol. 2002;58(11):1351-1360.

52. Berry JO, Hardman ML. Families and the adult years. In: Berry JO, Hardman ML (eds). Lifespan Perspectives on the Family and Disability. 2nd ed. Dallas, TX: Pro-Ed, Inc.; 2008.

53. Tkatch R, Bazarko D, Musich S, et al. A pilot online mindfulness intervention to decrease caregiver burden and improve psychological well-being. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(4):736-743.

54. Meyer OL, Nguyen KH, Dao TN, Vu P, Arean P, Hinton L. The sociocultural context of caregiving experiences for Vietnamese dementia family caregivers. Asian Am J Psychol. 2015;6(3):263-272.

55. McDaniel SH, Doherty WJ, Hepworth J. Couples and illness. In: McDaniel SH, Doherty WJ, Hepworth J (eds). Medical Family Therapy and Integrated Care. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2014: 151-168.

56. Biegel DE, Sales E, Schulz R. The outcomes of interventions for caregivers. In: Biegel DE, Sales E, Schulz R (eds). Family Caregiving in Chronic Illness. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.; 1990: 214-296.

57. López-Larrosa S. Quality of life, treatment adherence, and locus of control: multiple family groups for chronic medical illnesses.Fam Process. 2013;52(4):685-696.

58. Liljeroos M, Ågren S, Jaarsma T, Årestedt K, Strömberg A. Long-term effects of a dyadic psycho-educational intervention on caregiver burden and morbidity in partners of patients with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. Qual Life Res. 2017;26(2):367-379.

59. Limiñana-Gras RM, Colodro-Conde L, Cuéllar-Flores I, Sánchez-López MP. Clinical efficacy of psychoeducational interventions with family caregivers. Educ Gerontol. 2016;42(1):37-48.

60. Wennberg A, Dye C, Streetman-Loy B, Hiep P. Alzheimer's patient familial caregivers: a review of burden and interventions.Health Soc Work. 2015;40(4):e162-e169.

61. Zegwaard MI, Aartsen MJ, Grypdonck MHF, Cuijpers P. Trust: an essential condition in the application of a caregiver support intervention in nursing practice. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:47.

62. Findley PA. Social work practice in the chronic care model: chronic illness and disability care. J Soc Work. 2014;14(1):83-95.

63. American Lung Association. Disparities in Lung Health Series: Cutting Tobacco's Rural Roots. Available at https://healthforward.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/cutting-tobaccos-rural-roots.pdf. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

64. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smokeless Tobacco Use in the United States. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/smokeless/use_us/index.htm. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

65. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Rural Tobacco Use: Research and Interventions. Available at https://fda.report/media/133281/Rural+Tobacco+Use.pdf. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

66. American Cancer Society. Health Risks of Smokeless Tobacco. Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/tobacco-and-cancer/smokeless-tobacco.html. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

67. Johansson A, Hermansson G, Ludvigsson J. How should parents protect their children from environmental tobacco-smoke exposure in the home? Pediatrics. 2004;113(4):e291-e295.

68. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Real Cost Campaign. Available at https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/public-health-education-campaigns/real-cost-campaign. Last accessed July 6, 2022.

69. Lundeen EA, Park S, Pan L, O'Toole T, Matthews K, Blanck HM. Obesity prevalence among adults living in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties—United States, 2016. MMWR. 2018;67(23):653-658.

70. Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015–2016. NCHS Data Brief. 2017;(288):1-8.

71. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and Obesity: Adult Obesity Prevalence Maps. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/prevalence-maps.html. Last accessed July 7, 2022.

72. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cancer in Rural America. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/ruralhealth/cancer.html. Last accessed July 7, 2022.

73. Henley SJ, Anderson RN, Thomas CC, Massetti GM, Peaker B, Richardson LC. Invasive cancer incidence, 2004–2013, and deaths, 2006–2015, in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties—United States. MMWR. 2017;66(14):1-13.

74. Healthy People 2030. Drug and Alcohol Use. Available at https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/drug-and-alcohol-use. Last accessed July 7, 2022.

75. Rural Health Information Hub. Substance Abuse in Rural Areas. Available at https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/substance-abuse. Last accessed July 7, 2022.

76. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rural America in Crisis: The Changing Opioid Overdose Epidemic. Available at https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2017/11/opioids. Last accessed July 7, 2022.

77. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. 2020 National Drug Threat Assessment. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2021-02/DIR-008-21%202020%20National%20Drug%20Threat%20Assessment_WEB.pdf. Last accessed July 7, 2022.

78. U.S. Census Bureau. New Statistics Available From the 2016–2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Available at https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/acs-5-year-estimates.html. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

79. U.S. Census Bureau. Rates of Uninsured Fall in Rural Counties, Remain Higher Than Urban Counties. Available at https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/04/health-insurance-rural-america.html. Last accessed June 29, 2022.

80. National Institute on Drug Abuse. What is the Scope of Methamphetamine Abuse in the United States? Available at https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-scope-methamphetamine-misuse-in-united-states. Last accessed July 7, 2022.

81. Freese TE, Obert J, Dickow A, Cohen J, Lord RH. Methamphetamine abuse: issues for special populations. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2000;32(2):177-182.

82. Clark JJ, Leukefeld C, Godlaski T. Case management and behavioral contracting components of rural substance abuse treatment.J Subst Abuse Treat. 1999;17(4):293-304.

83. Kraman P. Trends Alert: Drug Abuse in AmericaRural Meth. Lexington, KY: The Council of State Governments; 2004.

84. U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA Announces Telemedicine Funding to Address Opioid Epidemic in Appalachia. Available at https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2016/06/30/usda-announces-telemedicine-funding-address-opioid-epidemic. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

85. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA Reaffirms Efforts to Address the Public Health Emergency on the Opioid Crisis. Available at https://www.samhsa.gov/newsroom/press-announcements/201710260100. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

86. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Preventing Suicide: A Technical Package of Policies, Programs, and Practices. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/suicideTechnicalPackage.pdf. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

87. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rural Health Policy Brief: Preventing Suicide in Rural America. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/ruralhealth/suicide/pdf/18_290906-A_Turner_Policy-Brief_Suicide-002_508.pdf. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

88. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing Suicide Fact Sheet. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/suicide-factsheet.pdf. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

89. Kegler SR, Stone DM, Holland KM. Trends in suicide by level of urbanization—United States, 1999–2015. MMWR. 2017;66(10):270-273.

90. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Suicide Risk in Primary Care: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Evidence Synthesis, No. 103. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2013.

91. Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Recommendations on screening for depression in adults. CMAJ. 2013;185(9):775-782.

92. American Academy of Pediatrics. Suicide: Blueprint for Youth Suicide Prevention. Available at https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/blueprint-for-youth-suicide-prevention. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

93. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Policy Statement on Suicide Prevention. Available at https://www.aacap.org/aacap/Policy_Statements/2019/AACAP_Policy_Statement_on_Suicide_Prevention.aspx. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

94. American Medical Association. Addressing Increases in Youth Suicide. Available at https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/2021-05/j21-csaph03.pdf. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

95. World Health Organization. Preventing Suicide: A Resource Series. Available at https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/preventing-suicide-a-resource-series. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

96. Perez-Patron MJ, Downing NR, Montalvo-Liendo N, Taylor BD. 2020 Policy Brief: Rural Versus Urban Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence, 2009–2014. Available at https://srhrc.tamhsc.edu/docs/ipv-august-2020.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

97. American Association of Suicidology. Suicide Loss Survivors. Available at https://suicidology.org/resources/suicide-loss-survivors. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

98. American Association of Suicidology. Facts and Statistics. Available at https://suicidology.org/facts-and-statistics. Last accessed July 8, 2022.

99. Breiding MJ, Ziembroski JS, Black MC. Prevalence of rural intimate partner violence in 16 U.S. states, 2005. J Rural Health. 2009;25(3):240-246.

100. Edwards KM. Intimate partner violence and the rural-urban-suburban divide: myth or reality? A critical review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2015;16(3):359-373.

101. Edwards KM, Mattingly MJ, Dixon KJ, Banyard VL. Community matters: intimate partner violence among rural young adults.Am J Community Psychol. 2014;53(1-2):198-207.

102. Peek-Asa C, Wallis A, Harland K, Beyer K, Dickey P, Saftlas A. Rural disparity in domestic violence prevalence and access to resources. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011;20(11):1743-1749.

103. Gray MJ, Hassija CM, Jaconis M, et al. Provision of evidence-based therapies to rural survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault via telehealth: treatment outcomes and clinical training benefits. Train Educ Prof Psychol. 2015;9(3):235-241.

104. National Prevention Council. National Prevention Strategy: America's Plan for Better Health and Wellness. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/disease-prevention-wellness-report.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

105. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Motor Vehicle Safety in Rural America. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/ruralhealth/MotorVehicleSafety.html. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

106. Henning-Smith C, Kozhimannil KB. Rural-urban differences in risk factors for motor vehicle fatalities. Health Equity. 2018;2(1):260-263.

107. Pew Research Center. The Demographics of Gun Ownership. Available at https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2017/06/22/the-demographics-of-gun-ownership. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

108. Everytown for Gun Safety. Domestic Violence. Available at https://everytownresearch.org/issue/domestic-violence. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

109. Moffic HS. The Psychology of Guns: 12 Steps Toward More Safety. Available at https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychology-guns-12-steps-toward-more-safety. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

110. McCourt AD, Vernick JS. Law, ethics, and conversations between physicians and patients about firearms in the home. AMA J Ethics. 2018;20(1):69-76.

111. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Rural Veterans at a Glance. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/42891/40612_eb25.pdf?v=41604. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

112. Bushy A. Rural Veterans: What Rural Nurses Need to Know. Available at http://www.rno.org/projects/rural-veterans-what-rural-nurses-need-to-know. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

113. Seehusen DA. Screening for veteran status in the primary care setting. J Am Board Fam Med. 2010;23(6):700-701.

114. Kime P. Experts: Docs Should Ask about Patients' Military History. Available at http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/benefits/health-care/2015/02/16/ama-cpt-codes-military-history/23366305. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

115. American Academy of Nursing. Have You Ever Served in the Military? Available at http://www.haveyoueverserved.com. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

116. Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health. Australian Guidelines for the Treatment of Adults with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Available at https://phoenixaustralia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Phoenix-ASD-PTSD-Guidelines.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

117. McFarlane AC, Hodson SE, Van Hooff M, Davies C, Australia Department of Defense. Mental Health in the Australian Defense Force. 2010 ADF Mental Health and Wellbeing Study: Full Report. Canberra: Department of Defense; 2011.

118. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide. Available at https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/MH/srb. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

119. Kessler RC, Warner CH, Ivany C, et al. Predicting suicides after psychiatric hospitalization in US Army soldiers: the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(1):49-57.

120. Sundararman R, Panangala SV, Lister SA. CRS Report for Congress: Suicide Prevention Among Veterans. Available at https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RL34471.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

121. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Inspector General. Healthcare Inspection. Evaluation of Suicide Prevention Program Implementation in Veterans Health Administration Facilities. Washington, DC: VA Office of Inspector General; 2017.

122. DeSimone D. Military Suicide Rates Are at an All-Time High; Here's How We're Trying to Help. Available at https://www.uso.org/stories/2664-military-suicide-rates-are-at-an-all-time-high-heres-how-were-trying-to-help. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

123. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Rural Development Honors America's Veterans and Highlights Ways USDA Can Help Them. Available at https://www.rd.usda.gov/newsroom/news-release/rural-development-honors-americas-veterans-and-highlights-ways-usda-can-help. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

124. Rural Health Information Hub. Rural Healthcare Workforce. Available at https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/health-care-workforce. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

125. McFarland BH, Kaplan MS, Huguet N. Datapoints: self-inflicted deaths among women with U.S. military service: a hidden epidemic? Psychiatr Serv. 2010;61(12):1177.

126. Rozanov V, Carli V. Suicide among war veterans. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9(7):2504-2519.

127. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Military Sexual Trauma. Available at https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/msthome. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

128. U.S. Department of Defense. Department of Defense Annual Report on Sexual Assault in the Military: Fiscal Year 2022. Available at https://www.sapr.mil/sites/default/files/DOD_Annual_Report_on_Sexual_Assault_in_the_Military_FY2020.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

129. Barth SK, Kimerling RE, Pavao J, et al. Military sexual trauma among recent veterans: correlates of sexual assault and sexual harassment. Am J Prev Med. 2016;50(1):77-86.

130. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Test revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.

131. Kessler RC, Heeringa SG, Stein MB, et al. Thirty-day prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among nondeployed soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(5):504-513.

132. National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services. Improving Oral Health Care Services in Rural America. Available at https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/hrsa/advisory-committees/rural/publications/2018-Oral-Health-Policy-Brief.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

133. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Community Water Fluoridation. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/index.html. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

134. National Conference of State Legislatures. State Approaches to Reducing Health Disparities. Available at https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-approaches-to-reducing-health-disparities.aspx. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

135. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Report to Congress: E-Health and Telemedicine. Available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/private/pdf/206751/TelemedicineE-HealthReport.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

136. Schmeida M. Telehealth Innovation in the American States. Kent, OH: Kent State University; 2005.

137. National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services. Rural Health Insurance Market Challenges, Policy Brief and Recommendations. Available at https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/hrsa/advisory-committees/rural/publications/2018-Rural-Health-Insurance-Market-Challenges.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

138. National Rural Health Association. Population Health in Rural Communities. Available at https://www.ruralhealthweb.org/getattachment/Advocate/Policy-Documents/PopulationHealthinRuralCommunitiesApril2015-(1).pdf.aspx. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

139. National Rural Health Association. Community Health Workers: Recommendations for Bridging Healthcare Gaps in Rural America. Available at https://www.ruralhealthweb.org/NRHA/media/Emerge_NRHA/Advocacy/Policy%20documents/Community-Health-Workers_Feb-2017_NRHA-Policy-Paper.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

140. National Conference of State Legislatures. Closing the Gaps in the Rural Primary Care Workforce. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/closing-the-gaps-in-the-rural-primary-care-workfor.aspx. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

141. National Conference of State Legislatures. Improving Rural Health: State Policy Options. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/improving-rural-health-state-policy-options.aspx. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

142. National Conference of State Legislatures. Scoping Out Health Care Worker Shortages. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/blog/2017/06/01/scoping-out-health-care-worker-shortages.aspx. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

143. WWAMI Rural Health Research Center. The Rural Health Workforce: Challenges and Opportunities. Available at http://depts.washington.edu/uwrhrc/uploads/RHRC_PB146-1.pdf. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

144. Health Resources and Services Administration. Data Warehouse. Available at https://data.hrsa.gov. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

145. U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration. Health Workforce: Shortage Areas. Available at https://data.hrsa.gov/topics/health-workforce/shortage-areas. Last accessed July 12, 2022.

146. U.S. Census Bureau. Beyond the Farm: Rural Industry Workers in America. Available at https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/random-samplings/2016/12/beyond_the_farm_rur.html. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

147. Health Resources and Services Administration. Supply and Demand Projections of the Nursing Workforce: 2014–2030. Available at https://bhw.hrsa.gov/data-research/projecting-health-workforce-supply-demand. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

148. Health Resources and Services Administration. The Future of the Nursing Workforce: National- and State-Level Projections, 2012–2025. Available at https://www.njccn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/The-Future-of-the-Nursing-Workforce-Nationa-and-State-Level-Projections-2012-2025.pdf. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

149. Alzheimers.org. 2022 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures. Available at https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

150. HealthIT.gov. Emergency Medical Services and Emergency Preparedness. Available at https://www.healthit.gov/topic/health-it-health-care-settings/emergency-medical-services-emergency-preparedness. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

151. Nebraska Rural Health Advisory Commission. Nebraska Rural Health Advisory Commission's Rural Health Recommendations. Available at https://dhhs.ne.gov/RH%20Advisory%20Commission/RHAC%27s%20Recommendations%202021.pdf. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

152. National Rural Health Association. EMS Services in Rural America: Challenges and Opportunities. Available at https://www.ruralhealthweb.org/NRHA/media/Emerge_NRHA/Advocacy/Policy%20documents/05-11-18-NRHA-Policy-EMS.pdf. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

153. WWAMI Rural Health Research Center. Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Personnel in Rural Areas: Results from a Survey in Nine States. Available at http://depts.washington.edu/uwrhrc/uploads/RHRC_FR149_Patterson.pdf. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

154. National Rural Health Association. Improving Rural Oral Healthcare Access. Available at https://www.ruralhealthweb.org/NRHA/media/Emerge_NRHA/Advocacy/Policy%20documents/05-11-18-NRHA-Policy-Improving-Rural-Oral-Health-Access.pdf. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

155. Rural Health Information Hub. Rural Public Health Agencies. Available at https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/public-health. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

156. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development: Public Health Workforce Development Strategies. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/workforce-strategies.html. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

157. U.S. Department of Agriculture. About RD. Available at https://www.rd.usda.gov/about-rd. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

158. Indian Health Service. Indian Health Manual. Available at https://www.ihs.gov/ihm. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

159. Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. Profile of State and Territorial Public Health. https://www.astho.org/topic/public-health-infrastructure/profile. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

160. Steelesmith DL, Fontanella CA, Campo JV, Bridge JA, Warren KL, Root ED. Contextual factors associated with county-level suicide rates in the United States, 1999 to 2016. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(9):e1910936.

161. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. NALBOH Resources. Available at https://www.nalboh.org/page/Governance. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

162. Health Resources and Services Administration. What is a Health Center? Available at https://bphc.hrsa.gov/about-health-centers/what-health-center. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

163. National Association of Community Health Centers. Community Health Centers Past, Present, and Future: Building on 50 Years of Success. Available at http://www.nachc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/NACHC_50th-Report.pdf. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

164. U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration. Health Center Program: Impact and Growth. Available at https://bphc.hrsa.gov/about-health-centers/health-center-program-impact-growth. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

165. National Conference of State Legislatures. Community Health Centers a Primer for Legislators. Available at https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/community-health-centers-overview-primer.aspx. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

166. Health Resources and Services Administration. About Health Centers. Available at https://bphc.hrsa.gov/about-health-centers. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

167. National Rural Health Association. Responsive Rural Health Delivery Systems. Available at https://www.ruralhealth.us/getattachment/Advocate/Policy-Documents/NRHAResponsiveRuralHealthDeliverySystemsPolicyPaperFeb2016.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

168. Indian Health Service. Disparities. Available at https://www.ihs.gov/newsroom/factsheets/disparities. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

169. Indian Health Service. The Oral Health of American Indian and Alaska Native Children Aged 6–9 Years: Results of the 2016–2017 IHS Oral Health Survey. https://www.ihs.gov/doh/documents/Data%20Brief%20IHS%206-9%20Year%20Olds%2003-30-2017.pdf. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

170. Indian Health Service. About IHS. Available at https://www.ihs.gov/aboutihs. Last accessed July 13, 2022.

171. Indian Health Service. Special Diabetes Program for Indians. Available at https://www.ihs.gov/sdpi. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

172. Indian Health Service. The Public Health Nurse's Role in ECC Prevention and Early Intervention. Available at https://www.ihs.gov/doh/documents/ecc/DentalDocs/PromotingAwarenessOfECC.pdf. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

173. Indian Health Service. Alcohol and Substance Abuse Program (ASAP). Available at https://www.ihs.gov/asap. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

174. Indian Health Service. Substance Abuse and Suicide Prevention (SASP). Available at https://www.ihs.gov/sasp/. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

175. Indian Health Service. Youth Regional Treatment Centers (YRTCs). Available at https://www.ihs.gov/yrtc/treatment. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

176. Indian Health Service. IHS Partnerships. Available at https://www.ihs.gov/newsroom/factsheets/ihspartnerships. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

177. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Collaborating for Prosperity with American Indians and Alaska Natives: Programs for Tribal Families, Children, and Communities. Available at https://www.rd.usda.gov/files/RD-CollaboratingforProsperitywithAIAN.pdf. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

178. Indian Health Service. Safe Water and Waste Disposal Facilities. Available at https://www.ihs.gov/newsroom/factsheets/safewater. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

179. National Conference of State Legislatures. Health Disparities Legislation. Available at https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/health-disparities-laws.aspx. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

180. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health. Profile: American Indian/Alaska Native. Available at https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=62. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

181. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. NCCDPHP Success Story: Odawa Indian Tribe Brings Healthy Foods to Rural Michigan. Available at https://nccd.cdc.gov/nccdsuccessstories/TemplateSeven.aspx?s=2972&ds=1. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

182. Partners in Health. Navajo Nation. Available at https://www.pih.org/country/navajo-nation. Last accessed July 14, 2022.

183. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Navajo Families in New Mexico Now Enjoy a Healthy Dose of New Produce Options. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/pdfs/New-Mexico-Food-Rx.pdf. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

184. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. NCCDPHP Success Story: Navajo Youth Lead the Way to Healthier Lives in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. Available at https://nccd.cdc.gov/nccdsuccessstories/TemplateSeven.aspx?s=13770&ds=1. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

185. Administration for Community Living. 2020 Profile of Older Americans. Available at https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Aging%20and%20Disability%20in%20America/2020ProfileOlderAmericans.Final_.pdf. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

186. Older Americans Act of 1965, Public L No. 89-73.

187. Administration for Community Living Administration on Aging. Nutrition Services. Available at https://acl.gov/programs/health-wellness/nutrition-services. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

188. Administration for Community Living. Older Americans Act. Available at https://acl.gov/about-acl/authorizing-statutes/older-americans-act. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

189. National Prevention, Health Promotion, and Public Health Council. Healthy Aging in Action. Advancing the National Prevention Strategy. Available at https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/healthy-aging-in-action-final.pdf. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

190. National Rural Health Association. Elder Health in Rural America. Available at https://www.ruralhealthweb.org/getattachment/Advocate/Policy-Documents/ElderHealthinRuralAmericaFeb2013.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

191. Schmeida M, McNeal R. Medicaid long-term care spending. In: Information Resources Management Association (ed). Chronic Illness and Long-Term Care: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice. Hershey, PA: IGI Global; 2019: 821-845.

192. Rural Health Information Hub. Rural Home Health Services. Available at https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/home-health. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

193. Healthy People 2030. Health Policy. Available at https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/health-policy. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

194. Rural Health Information Hub. Rural Hunger and Access to Healthy Food. Available at https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/food-and-hunger. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

195. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Household Food Security in the United States in 2020. Available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=102075. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

196. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, Older Adults. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/olderad.htm. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

197. Karliner L, Jacobs EA, Chen AH, Mutha S. Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? A systematic review of the literature. Health Serv Res. 2007;42(2):727-754.

198. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Making Alzheimer's Our Next Public Health Success Story. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/executive-brief-HBI-2018-road-map-508.pdf. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

199. Flores G. The impact of medical interpreter services on the quality of health care: a systematic review. Med Care Res Rev. 2005;62(3):255-299.

200. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Aging: Caregiving. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/aging/caregiving. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

201. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.html. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

202. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing 1 Million Heart Attacks and Strokes. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/million-hearts. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

203. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. How We Prevent Chronic Diseases and Promote Health. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/center/nccdphp/how.htm. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

204. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice: An Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics. 3rd ed. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2006.

205. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs: 2014. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/stateandcommunity/guides. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

206. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. Connecting Public Health Information Systems and Health Information Exchange Organizations. Available at https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/FINAL_ONC_PH_HIE_090122017.pdf. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

207. Holt JB, Huston SL, Heidari K, et al. Indicators for chronic disease surveillance—United States, 2013. MMWR. 2015;64(RR1):1-15.

208. Dewey-Mattia D, Manikonda K, Hall AJ, Wise ME, Crowe SJ. Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks—United States, 2009–2015. MMWR. 2018;67(10):1-11.

209. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. NCCDPHP Success Story: South Dakota's Workplace Wellness Program Gets Employees Moving at Work. Available at https://nccd.cdc.gov/nccdsuccessstories/TemplateSeven.aspx?s=12609&ds=1. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

210. National Conference of State Legislatures. Reducing the Prevalence and Costs of Heart Disease. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/reducing-the-prevalence-and-costs-of-heart-disease.aspx. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

211. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. NCCDPHP Success Story: Montana Cities and Counties Working to Build Health into Community Design. Available at https://nccd.cdc.gov/nccdsuccessstories/TemplateSeven.aspx?s=12587&ds=1. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

212. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. NCCDPHP Success Story: Utah Communities Adopt Plans to Improve Spaces for Residents to Be More Active. Available at https://nccd.cdc.gov/nccdsuccessstories/TemplateSeven.aspx?s=12655&ds=1. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

213. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018 State Indicator Report on Fruits and Vegetables. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/data-statistics/2018-state-indicator-report-fruits-vegetables.html. Last accessed July 15, 2022.

214. HealthIT.gov. Benefits of EHRs. Available at https://www.healthit.gov/topic/health-it-basics/benefits-ehrs. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

215. HealthIT.gov. What is an Electronic Health Record (EHR)? Available at https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

216. Flores G. Language barriers to health care in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(3):229-231.

217. Ngo-Metzger Q, Massagli MP, Clarridge BR, et al. Linguistic and cultural barriers to care: perspectives of Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(1):44-52.

218. National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program. "The Cancer You Can Prevent" Campaign Increases Colorectal Cancer Screening. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/ncccp/success-stories/oregon.htm. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

219. Health Resources and Services Administration. About HRSA. Available at https://www.hrsa.gov/about. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

220. Health Resources and Services Administration. Goal 2: Foster a Health Care Workforce Able to Address Current and Emerging Needs. Available at https://www.hrsa.gov/about/strategic-plan/goal-2.html. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

221. Alabama Board of Nursing. Administrative Code Chapter 610-X-12: Loan Repayment Program for Advanced Practice Nursing. Available at http://www.alabamaadministrativecode.state.al.us/docs/nurs/610-X-12.pdf. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

222. WVU Institute for Community and Rural Health. State Loan Repayment Program (SLRP). Available at https://www.hsc.wvu.edu/icrh/financial-incentives/state-loan-repayment-program-slrp/. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

223. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Telehealth: Mapping the Evidence for Patient Outcomes from Systematic Reviews. Available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/telehealth_technical-brief.pdf. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

224. Federal Communications Commission. FCC Health IT Actions and Activities Timeline. Available at https://www.fcc.gov/general/fcc-health-it-actions-and-activities-timeline. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

225. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Statewide Partnership Provides Mental Health Assessments via Telemedicine to Patients in Rural Emergency Departments, Reducing Wait Times, Hospitalizations, and Costs. Available at https://innovations.ahrq.gov/profiles/statewide-partnership-provides-mental-health-assessments-telemedicine-patients-rural. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

226. American Telemedicine Association. ATA's Standardized Telehealth Terminology and Policy Language for States on Medical Practice. Available at https://www.americantelemed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ATA-_Medical-Practice-10-5-20.pdf. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

227. U.S. Congress. Rural Health Care Improvement Act of 2001. Available at https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/2157/text. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

228. Schmeida M, McNeal R. Bridging the inequality gap to accessing Medicare and Medicaid information online: an empirical analysis of e-government success 2002 through 2010. In: García G Jr (ed). E-Government Success Around the World: Cases, Empirical Studies, and Practical Recommendations. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference; 2013: 60-78.

229. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Strengthening Global Public Health Surveillance Through Data and Benefit Sharing. Available at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/7/15-1830_article. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

230. Schmeida M, McNeal R. Online health information: home caregiver population driving cyberspace searches in the United States. In: Khosrow-Pour M (ed). Public Affairs and Administration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference; 2015: 1664-1683.

231. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. NCCDPHP Success Story: Southern Nevada Uses Social Media to Fight Teen Nicotine Use. Available at https://nccd.cdc.gov/nccdsuccessstories/TemplateSeven.aspx?s=2541&ds=1. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

232. National Association of School Nurses. Framework for the 21st Century School Nursing Practice. Available at https://www.nasn.org/nasn-resources/framework. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

233. HealthIT.gov. What is Broadband and Why is Broadband Access Important? Available at https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-broadband-and-why-broadband-access-important. Last accessed July 16, 2022.

234. Nurse Training Act of 1964, Public L No. 88-581, 58 Stat 682.

235. Nurse Reinvestment Act, Public L No. 107-205.

236. Health Professions Education Partnerships Act of 1998, Public L No. 105-392, 112 Stat 3524.

237. Congressional Research Service. Nursing Workforce Programs in Title VIII of the Public Health Service Act. Available at https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL32805.html. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

238. Advisory Committee on Interdisciplinary, Community-Based Linkages. Redesigning Health Professions Education and Practice to Prepare the Interprofessional Team to Care for Populations: Twelfth Annual Report to the Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Available at https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/hrsa/advisory-committees/community-based-linkages/reports/twelfth-2013.pdf. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

239. Benefits.gov. National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program. Available at https://www.benefits.gov/benefit/447?_ga=2.177227299.762476221.1558389408-2058588735.1558389408. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

240. Health Resources and Services Administration. Nurse Corps Loan Repayment Program. Available at https://bhw.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/bhw/nursecorps-lrp-guidance.pdf. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

241. Minnesota Department of Health. Emerging Health Professions. Available at https://www.health.state.mn.us/facilities/ruralhealth/emerging. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

242. PEW Charitable Trusts. Expanding the Dental Team Increasing Access to Care in Public Settings. Available at https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2014/06/30/expanding-the-dental-team. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

243. American Public Health Association. Support for Community Health Workers to Increase Health Access and to Reduce Health Inequities. Available at https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/09/14/19/support-for-community-health-workers-to-increase-health-access-and-to-reduce-health-inequities. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

244. National Conference of State Legislatures. Incorporating Community Health Workers into State Health Care Systems: Options for Policymakers. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/incorporating-community-health-workers-into-state-health-care-systems-options-for-policymakers.aspx. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

245. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Employment Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2021. Available at https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

246. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public Health Workforce Development Approaches. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/strategic-workforce-activities. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

247. Healthy People 2030. Educational and Community-Based Programs. Available at https://health.gov/healthypeople/about/workgroups/educational-and-community-based-programs-workgroup. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

248. Rural Health Information Hub. Rural Schools and Health. Available at https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/schools. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

249. National Center for Education Statistics. Public School Enrollment. Available at https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cga. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

250. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs: A Guide for Schools. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/professional_development/e-learning/CSPAP/_assets/FullCourseContent-CSPAP.pdf. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

251. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Improving Nutrition, Physical Education, and Physical Activity in Iowa Schools. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/success-stories/iowa.htm. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

252. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Good and Healthy Project Improves Physical Activity and Nutrition in South Dakota Schools. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/success-stories/south-dakota.htm. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

253. Grout R. Function of the school in the rural health program. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1937;27(6):583-586.

254. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Helping Young Children Thrive Healthy Practices in the Early Care and Education (ECE) Setting. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/downloads/Early-Care-Education-ECE-WEB-508.pdf. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

255. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health Impact in 5 Years, HI-5. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/policy/hst/hi5. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

256. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Early Childcare and Education (ECE). Available at https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/strategies/childcareece.html. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

257. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New Mexico Early Care and Education Centers Create Lasting Wellness Changes. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/state-local-programs/pdf/program-highlights/ECE-NM.pdf. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

258. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About CDC Healthy Schools. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

259. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. School Health Services. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/schoolhealthservices.htm. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

260. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC). Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/wscc. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

261. Wilkinson F. Nepal's High-Risk Helicopter Rescue Unit. Available at https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/nepals-high-risk-helicopter-rescue-unit-20150113. Last accessed July 11, 2022.

262. U.S. Census Bureau. Why We Ask Questions About… Language Spoken at Home. Available at https://www.census.gov/acs/www/about/why-we-ask-each-question/language. Last accessed July 18, 2022.

263. Karliner L, Napoles-Springer AM, Schillinger D, Bibbins-Domingo K, Pérez-Stable EJ. Identification of limited English proficient patients in clinical care. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(10):1555-1560.

264. Sevilla Matir J, Willis DR. Using bilingual staff members as interpreters. Fam Pract Manage. 2004;11(7):34-36.

265. U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Management of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Reaction 2017. Available at https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/mh/ptsd. Last accessed August 18, 2022.

Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations Citations

1. Roodenbeke E, Lucas S, Rouzaut A, Bana F. Outreach Services as a Strategy to Increase Access to Health Workers in Remote and Rural Areas: Increasing Access to Health Workers in Rural and Remote Areas. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44589/9789241501514_eng.pdf. Last accessed July 21, 2022.

2. Wilson D, de la Ronde S, Brascoupé S, et al. Health professionals working with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis consensus guideline.J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2013;35(6):550-558. Available at https://www.jogc.com/article/S1701-2163(15)30915-4/pdf. Last accessed July 21, 2022.

3. World Health Organization. Increasing Access to Health Workers in Remote and Rural Areas Through Improved Retention: Global Policy Recommendations. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44369/9789241564014_eng.pdf. Last accessed July 21, 2022.


Copyright © 2022 NetCE, PO Box 997571, Sacramento, CA 95899-7571
Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement.