Works Cited

1. Newport F. Religious Identity: States Differ Widely. Available at https://news.gallup.com/poll/122075/Religious-Identity-States-Differ-Widely.aspx. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

2. Newport F. Estimating Americans' Worship Behavior. Available at https://news.gallup.com/poll/20701/Estimating-Americans-Worship-Behavior.aspx. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

3. Kosmin BA, Keysar A. American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS 2008): Summary Report. Hartford, CT: Trinity College; 2009.

4. Hage SM. A closer look at the role of spirituality in psychology training programs. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2006;37(3):303-310.

5. Brown RK, Taylor RJ, Chatters LM. Religious non-involvement among African Americans, Black Carribeans and non-Hispanic Whites: findings from the National survey of American Life. Rev Relig Res. 2013;55(3):435-457.

6. Pew Research Center. Religious Landscape Study. Available at https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

7. Mayers C, Johnston D. Spirituality: the emergence of a working definition for use within healthcare practice. Implicit Religion. 2008;11(3):255-264.

8. Burkhardt MA. Becoming and connecting: elements of spirituality for women. Holist Nurs Pract. 1994;8(4):12-21.

9. Pargament KI, Mahoney A. Spirituality: discovering and conserving the sacred. In: Snyder CR, Lopez SJ (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2011: 611-620.

10. King JE, Crowther MR. The measurement of religiosity and spirituality: examples and issues from psychology. J Organizational Change Manage. 2004;17(1):83-101.

11. Herrera AP, Lee JW, Nanyonjo RD, Laufman LE, Torres-Vigil I. Religious coping and caregiver well-being in Mexican-American families. Aging Ment Health. 2009;13(1):84-91.

12. Martin T, Kirkcaldy B, Siefen G. Antecedents of adult well-being: adolescent religiosity and health. J Managerial Psychol. 2003;18(5):453-470.

13. Gilbert MC. Spirituality in social work groups: practitioners speak out. Soc Work Groups. 2000;22:67-84.

14. Mattis JS. African American women's definitions of spirituality and religiosity. J Black Psychol. 2000;26(1):101-122.

15. Clews R. Spirituality in an undergraduate social work curriculum: reflective assignments at the beginning and the end of a programme. Curr New Scholarship Hum Services. 2004;3(1).

16. Johnson RW, Tilghman JS, Davis-Dick LR, Hamilton-Faison B. A historical overview of spirituality in nursing. ABNF J. 2006;17(2):60-62.

17. Slife BD, Hope C, Nebeker RS. Examining the relationship between religious spirituality and psychological science. J Humanistic Psychol. 1999;39(2):51-85.

18. Powers R. Counseling and spirituality: a historical review. Counseling Values. 2005;49(3):217-225.

19. Pew Research Center. In U.S., Decline of Christianity Continues at Rapid Pace: An Update on America's Changing Religious Landscape. Available at https://www.pewforum.org/2019/10/17/in-u-s-decline-of-christianity-continues-at-rapid-pace. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

20. Gilliat-Ray S. Nursing, professionalism, and spirituality. J Contemp Relig. 2003;18(3):335-349.

21. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2013.

22. Lukoff D, Lu F, Turner R. From spiritual emergency to spiritual problem: the transpersonal roots of the new DSM-IV category.J Humanistic Psychol. 1998;38(2):21-50.

23. Hodge DR. Spiritual assessment: a review of major qualitative methods and a new framework for assessing spirituality. Soc Work. 2001;46(3):203-214.

24. Saleebey D. The Strengths Based Perspective in Social Work Practice. 6th ed. White Plains, NY: Pearson; 2012.

25. McEwan W. Spirituality in nursing: what are the issues? Orthop Nurs. 2004;23(5):321-326.

26. Gilligan P, Furness S. The role of religion and spirituality in social work practice: views and experiences of social workers and students. Br J Soc Work. 2006;36(4):617-637.

27. Cervantes JM, Parham TA. Toward a meaningful spirituality for people of color: lessons for the counseling practitioner. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2005;11(1):69-81.

28. Worthington EL, Sandage SJ. Religion and spirituality. Psychother Theory Res Pract Training. 2001;38(4):473-478.

29. Verma S, Broers T, Paterson M, Schroder C, Medves JM, Morrison C. Core competencies: the next generation. Comparison of a common framework for multiple professions. J Allied Health. 2009;38(1):47-53.

30. Greasley P, Chiu LF, Gartland M. The concept of spiritual care in mental health nursing. J Adv Nurs. 2001;33(5):629-637.

31. Connelly R, Light K. Exploring the "new" frontier of spirituality in health care: identifying the dangers. J Relig Health. 2003;42(1):35-46.

32. Lemmer C. Teaching the spiritual dimension of nursing care: a survey of U.S. baccalaureate nursing programs. J Nurs Educ. 2002;41(11):482-490.

33. Callister LC, Bond AE, Matsumura G, Mangum S. Threading spirituality throughout nursing education. Holist Nurs Pract. 2004;18(3):160-166.

34. Baldacchino DR. Teaching on the spiritual dimension in care: the perceived impact on undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2008;28(4):501-512.

35. Miller WR, Thoresen CE. Spirituality, religion, and health: an emerging research field. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):24-35.

36. Hill PC, Pargament KI. Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: implications for physical and mental health research. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):64-74.

37. Pargament KI, Krumrei EJ. Clinical assessment of clients' spirituality. In: Aten JD, Leach MM (eds). Spirituality and the Therapeutic Process: A Comprehensive Resource from Intake to Termination. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2009: 93-120.

38. Hall TW, Edwards KJ. The spiritual assessment inventory: a theistic model and measure for assessing spiritual development.J Sci Study Relig. 2002;41(2):341-357.

39. Rose EM, Westefeld JS, Ansley TN. Spiritual issues in counseling: clients' beliefs and preferences. Psychol Relig Spiritual. 2008;S(1):18-33.

40. Borneman T, Ferrell B, Puchalski CM. Evaluation of the FICA Tool for Spiritual Assessment. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010;40(2):163-173.

41. Pargament KI, Koenig HG, Perez LM. The many methods of religious coping: development and initial validation of the RCOPE.J Clin Psychol. 2000;56(4):519-543.

42. Clarke TC, Black LI, Stussman BJ, Barnes PM, Nahin RL. Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: United States, 2002–2012. Natl Health Stat Report. 2015;79:1-15.

43. National Cancer Institute. Spirituality in Cancer Care (PDQ). Available at https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/day-to-day/faith-and-spirituality/spirituality-hp-pdq. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

44. Galanter M, Dermatis H, Talbot N, McMahon C, Alexander MJ. Introducing spirituality into psychiatric care. J Relig Health. 2011;50(1):81-91.

45. Ben-Arye E, Bar-Sela G, Frenkel M, et al. Is a biopsychosocial-spiritual approach relevant to cancer treatment? A study of patients and oncology staff members on issues of complementary medicine and spirituality. Support Care Cancer. 2006;14(2):147-152.

46. Sadiq A. Managing the fasting patient: sacred ritual, modern challenges. In: Sheikh A, Gatrad AR (eds). Caring for Muslim Patients. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd; 2008: 73-79.

47. Gatrad AR, Sheikh A. Hajj and risk of blood borne infections. Arch Dis Child. 2001;84(4):375.

48. Masters KS, Hill RD, Kircher JC, Lenseqrav Benson TL, Fallon JA. Religious orientation, aging, and blood pressure reactivity to interpersonal and cognitive stressors. Ann Behav Med. 2004;28(3):171-178.

49. Roberts L, Ahmed I, Hall S, Davison A. Intercessory prayer for the alleviation of ill health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD000368.

50. Harris WS, Gowda M, Kolb JW, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of the effects of remote, intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients admitted to the coronary care unit. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(19):2273-2278.

51. Bernardi L, Porta C, Spicuzza L, Sleight P. Cardiorespiratory interactions to external stimuli. Arch Ital Biol. 2005;143(3-4):215-221.

52. Bernardi L, Sleight P, Bandinelli G, et al. Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: comparative study. BMJ. 2001;323(7327):144-1449.

53. Chiesa A. Zen meditation: an integration of current evidence. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(5):585-592.

54. Turner-Musa JO, Wilson SA. Religious orientation and social support on health-promoting behaviors of African American college students. J Community Psychol. 2006;34(1):105-115.

55. McCullough ME, Hoyt WT, Larson DB, Koenig HG, Thoresen C. Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review. Health Psychol. 2000;19(3):211-222.

56. Oman D, Kurata JH, Strawbridge WJ, Cohen RD. Religious attendance and cause of death over 31 years. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2002;32(1):69-89.

57. Powell LH, Shahabi L, Thoresen CE. Religion and spirituality: linkages to physical health. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):36-52.

58. Lorenz KA, Hays RD, Shapiro MF, Cleary PD, Asch SM, Wenger NS. Religiousness and spirituality among HIV-infected Americans. J Palliat Med. 2005;8(4):774-781.

59. Ironson G, Stuetzle R, Fletcher MA. An increase in religiousness/spirituality occurs after HIV diagnosis and predicts slower disease progression over 4 years in people with HIV. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(suppl 5):S62-S68.

60. Somlai AM, Heckman TG. Correlates of spirituality and well-being in a community sample of people living with HIV disease.Ment Health Religion Cult. 2000;3(1):57-70.

61. Trevino KM, Pargament KI, Cotton S, et al. Religious coping and physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(2):379-389.

62. Litwinczuk KM, Groh CJ. The relationship between spirituality, purpose in life, and well-being in HIV-positive persons. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2007;18(3):13-22.

63. McCormick DP, Holder B, Wetsel MA, Cawthon TW. Spirituality and HIV disease: an integrated perspective. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2001;12(3):58-65.

64. Simon CE, Crowther M, Higgerson HK. The stage-specific role of spirituality among African American Christian women throughout the breast cancer experience. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2007;13(1):26-34.

65. Sloan RP, Bagiella E. Claims about religious involvement and health outcomes. Ann Behav Med. 2002;24(1):14-21.

66. Seeman TE, Dubin LF, Seeman M. Religiosity/spirituality and health: a critical review of the evidence for biological pathways.Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):53-63.

67. Sinclair S, Pereira J, Raffin S. A thematic review of the spirituality literature within palliative care. J Palliat Med. 2006;9(2): 464-479.

68. Foss LL, Warnke MA. Fundamentalist Protestant Christian women: recognizing cultural and gender influences on domestic violence. Counseling Values. 2003;48(1):14-23.

69. Yick AG. A metasynthesis of qualitative findings on the role of spirituality and religiosity among culturally diverse domestic violence survivors. Qual Health Res. 2008;18(9):1289-1306.

70. Hassouneh-Phillips DS. "Marriage is half of faith and the rest is fear of Allah:" marriage and spousal abuse among American Muslims. Violence Against Women. 2001;7(8):927-946.

71. Watlington CG, Murphy CM. The roles of religion and spirituality among African American survivors of domestic violence.J Clin Psychol. 2006;62(7):837-857.

72. Gillum TL, Sullivan CM, Bybee DI. The importance of spirituality in the lives of domestic violence survivors. Violence Against Women. 2006;12(3):240-250.

73. Morjaria A, Orford J. The role of religion and spirituality in recovery from drink problems: a qualitative study of Alcoholics Anonymous members and South Asian men. Addict Res Theory. 2002;10(3):225-256.

74. Kelly JF, Stout RL, Magill M, Tonigan JS, Pagano ME. Spirituality in recovery: a lagged meditational analysis of Alcoholics Anonymous' principal theoretical mechanism of behavior change. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011;35(3):454-463.

75. Neff JA, MacMaster SA. Applying behavior change models to understand spiritual mechanisms underlying change in substance abuse treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2005;31(4):669-684.

76. Vick R. Questioning the use of Alcoholics Anonymous with college students: is an old concept the only alternative for a new generation? J Coll Counseling. 2000;3(2):158-167.

77. Kelly JF, Stout RL, Magill M, Tonigan JS, Pagano ME. Spirituality in recovery: a lagged mediational analysis of alcoholics anonymous' principal theoretical mechanism of behavior change. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011;35(3):454-463.

78. Galanter M, Dermatis H, Bunt G, Williams C, Trujillo M, Steinke P. Assessment of spirituality and its relevance to addiction treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007;33(3):257-264.

79. Miller WR. Researching the spiritual dimensions of alcohol and other drug problems. Addiction. 1998;93(7):979-990.

80. Robinson EA, Cranford JA, Webb JR, Brower KJ. Six-month changes in spirituality, religiousness, and heavy drinking in a treatment-seeking sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007;68(2):282-290.

81. Kaskutas LA, Ammon L, Delucchi K, Room R, Bond J, Weisner C. Alcoholics anonymous careers: patterns of AA involvement five years after treatment entry. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005;29(11):1983-1990.

82. Fallot RD. Spirituality and religion in psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery from mental illness. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2001;13(2):110-116.

83. Koenig HG. Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: a review. Can J Psychiatry. 2009;54(5):283-291.

84. Olatunji BO, Abramowitz JS, Williams NL, Connolly KM, Lohr JM. Scrupulosity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: confirmatory factor analysis and validity of the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(6):771-787.

85. Miller CH, Hedges DW. Scrupulosity disorder: an overview and introductory analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(6):1042-1058.

86. Dein S, Cook CCH, Powell A, Eagger S. Religion, spirituality and mental health. Psych Bull. 2010;34:63-64.

87. Sullivan WP. Recoiling, regrouping, and recovering: first-person accounts of the role spirituality in the course of serious mental illness. In: Fallot RD (ed). New Directions for Mental Health Services: Spirituality and Religion in Recovery from Mental Illness. Vol 80. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers; 1998: 25-33.

88. Francis LJ, Robbins M, Lewis CA, Barnes LP. Prayer and psychological health: a study among sixth-form pupils attending Catholic and Protestant schools in Northern Ireland. Ment Health Religion Cult. 2008;11(1):85-92.

89. Corrigan P, McCorkle B, Schell B, Kidder K. Religion and spirituality in the lives of people with serious mental illness. Community Ment Health J. 2003;39(6):487-499.

90. Baetz M, Bowen R, Jones G, Krou-Sengul T. How spiritual values and worship attendance relate to psychiatric disorders in the Canadian population. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51(10):654-661.

91. Pargament KI, Kennell J, Hathaway W, Grevengoed N, Newman J, Jones W. Religion and the problem-solving process: three styles of coping. J Sci Stud Religion. 1988;27(1):90-104.

92. Hood RW Jr, Hill PC, Spilka B. The Psychology of Religion, Fifth Edition: An Empirical Approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2018.

93. Rowe MM, Allen RG. Spirituality as a means of coping with chronic illness. Am J Health Stud. 2004;19(1):62-67.

94. Gall TL. Spirituality and coping with life stress among adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl. 2006;30(7): 829-844.

95. Lum D. Culturally Competent Practice: A Framework for Understanding Diverse Groups and Justice Issues. 4th ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company; 2010.

96. Mattis JS, Jagers RJ. A relational framework for the study of religiosity and spirituality in the lives of African Americans.J Community Psychol. 2001;29(5):519-539.

97. Newlin K, Knafl K, Melkus GD. African-American spirituality: a concept analysis. Adv Nurs Sci. 2002;25(2):57-70.

98. Musgrave CF, Allen CE, Allen GJ. Spirituality and health for women of color. Am J Public Health. 2002;92(4):557-560.

99. Brome DR, Owens MD, Allen K, Vevaina T. An examination of spirituality among African American women in recovery from substance abuse. J Black Psychol. 2000;26(4):470-486.

100. ReligionFacts. Judaism. Available at https://religionfacts.com/judaism. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

101. Union for Reform Judaism. What is Reform Judaism? Available at https://urj.org/what-reform-judaism. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

102. Hodge DR, Limb GE. A Native American perspective on spiritual assessment: the strengths and limitations of a complementary set of assessment tools. Health Soc Work. 2010;35(2):121-131.

103. Society for Humanistic Judaism. Available at https://shj.org. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

104. Elazar DJ. Jewish Values in the Jewish State. Available at https://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles2/values.htm. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

105. Hanna FJ, Green A. Asian shades of spirituality: implications for multicultural school counseling. Professional Sch Counseling. 2004;7(5):326-333.

106. Shirahama K, Inoue EM. Spirituality in nursing from a Japanese perspective. Holist Nurs Pract. 2001;15(3):63-72.

107. Falicov CJ. Mexican families. In: McGoldrick M, Giordano J, Garcia-Preto N (eds). Ethnicity and Family Therapy. 3rd ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2005: 229-241.

108. Baez A, Hernandez D. Complementary spiritual beliefs in the Latino community: the interface with psychotherapy. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2001;71(4):408-415.

109. Robinson BA. Santería: A Syncretistic Caribbean Religion: Beliefs and Practices. Available at http://www.religioustolerance.org/santeri3.htm. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

110. U.S. Department of the Interior, Indian Affairs. Frequently Asked Questions. Available at https://www.bia.gov/frequently-asked-questions. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

111. Hendry J. Mining the sacred mountain: the clash between the Western dualistic framework and Native American religions. Multicultural Perspect. 2003;5(1):3-10.

112. Locust C. Wounding the spirit: discrimination and traditional American Indian belief systems. Harv Educ Rev. 1988;58(3):315-330.

113. The Joint Commission. Spiritual Beliefs and Preferences: Evaluating a Patient's Spiritual Needs Available at https://www.jointcommission.org/standards/standard-faqs/critical-access-hospital/provision-of-care-treatment-and-services-pc/000001669/. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

114. Hodge DR. A template for spiritual assessment: a review of the JCAHO requirements and guidelines for implementation. Soc Work. 2006;51(4):317-326.

115. Koenig HG, Pritchett J. Religion and psychotherapy. In: Koenig HG (ed). Handbook of Religion and Mental Health. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1998: 323-336.

116. Curtis RC, Davis KM. Spirituality and multimodal therapy: a practical approach to incorporating spirituality in counseling. Couns Values. 1999;43(3):199-210.

117. Hodge DR. Spiritual life maps: a client-centered pictorial instrument for spiritual assessment, planning and intervention. Soc Work. 2005;50(1):77-87.

118. Gonsiorek JC, Richards PS, Pargament KI, McMinn MR. Ethical challenges and opportunities at the edge: incorporating spirituality and religion into psychotherapy. Prof Psych Res Pract. 2009;40(4):385-395.

119. Richards PS, Potts RW. Using spiritual interventions in psychotherapy: practices, successes, failures, and ethical concerns of Mormon psychotherapists. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 1995;26(2):163-170.

120. Tanyi RA. Spirituality and family nursing: spiritual assessment and interventions for families. J Adv Nurs. 2006;53(3):287-294.

121. Lawrence RT, Smith DW. Principles to make a spiritual assessment work in your practice. J Fam Pract. 2004;53(8)625-631.

122. Hodge DR. Spiritually modified cognitive therapy: a review of the literature. Soc Work. 2006;51(2):157-166.

123. Winslow GR, Winslow BW. Examining the ethics of praying with patients. Holist Nurs Pract. 2003;17(4):170-177.

124. Post BC, Wade NG. Religion and spirituality in psychotherapy: a practice-friendly review of research. J Clin Psychol. 2009;65(2):131-146.

125. American Medical Association. AMA Opinion 8.08: Informed Consent. Available at https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/ama-code-medical-ethics-opinions-informing-patients/2012-07. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

126. Post SG, Puchalski CM, Larson DB. Physicians and patient spirituality: professional boundaries, competency, and ethics.Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(7):578-583.

127. Johnson WB, Ridley CR, Nielsen SL. Religiously sensitive rational emotive behavior therapy: elegant solutions and ethical risks. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2000;31(1):14-20.

128. McLennan NA, Rochow S, Arthur N. Religious and spiritual diversity in counseling. Guid Couns. 2001;16(4):132-137.

129. Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality, and medicine: research findings and implications for clinical practice. South Med J. 2004;97(12):1194-1200.

130. Hoosestraat T, Trammel J. Spiritual and religious discussions in family therapy: activities to promote dialogue. Am J Fam Ther. 2003;31(5):413-426.

131. HealthCare Chaplaincy. A Dictionary of Patients' Spiritual and Cultural Values for Health Care Professionals. Available at http://uabpastoralcare.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/A-Dictionary-of-Patients%E2%80%99-Spiritual-Cultural-Values-for-Health-Care-Professionals.pdf. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

132. Penn Medicine Pastoral Care and Education. Religious Diversity: Practical Points for Health Care Providers. Available athttp://www.uphs.upenn.edu/pastoral/resed/diversity_points.html. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

133. Rady MY, Verheijde JL, Ali MS. Islam and end-of-life practices in organ donation for transplantation: new questions and serious sociocultural consequences. HEC Forum. 2009;21(2):175-205.

134. Gatrad AR, Ray M, Sheikh A. Hindu birth customs. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(12):1094-1097.

135. Benson H, Dusek JA, Sherwood JB, et al. Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer (STEP) in cardiac bypass patients: a multicenter randomized trial of uncertainty on certainty of receiving intercessory prayer. Am Heart J. 2006;151(4):934-942.

136. Sheridan MJ. Ethical issues in the use of spirituality based interventions in social work practice: what are we doing and why.J Relig Spiritual Soc Work. 2009;28:99-126.

137. Barber C. Spirituality and religion: a brief definition. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants. 2012;6(8):378-381.

138. Masters KS, Hooker SA. Religiousness/spirituality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: cultural integration for health research and intervention. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(2):206-216.

139. Fukuyama M, Puig A, Baggs A, Wolf CP. Religion and spirituality. In: Leong FTL, Comas-Díaz L, Nagayama Hall GC, McLoyd VC, Trimble JE (eds). APA Handbook of Multicultural Psychology, Volume 1: Theory and Research. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2014: 519-534.

140. Day P. A New History of Social Welfare. 7th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.; 2012.

141. Lietz CA, Hodge DR. Incorporating spirituality into substance abuse counseling: examining the perspectives of service recipients and providers. J Soc Serv Res. 2013;39(4):498-510.

142. Kersting K. Religion and Spirituality in the Treatment Room. Available at https://www.apa.org/monitor/dec03/religion. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

143. Senreich E. An inclusive definition of spirituality for social work education and practice. J Soc Work Educ. 2013;49(4):548-563.

144. Reinert KG, Koenig HG. Re-examining definitions of spirituality in nursing research. J Adv Nurs. 2013;69(12):2622-2634.

145. Banerjee A, Boyle M, Anand S, et al. The relationship between religious service attendance and coronary heart disease and related risk factors in Saskatchewan, Canada. J Relig Health. 2014;53(1):141-156.

146. Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry. 2012;278730:1-33.

147. Balthip Q, Petchruschatachart U, Piriyakoontorn S, Boddy J. Achieving peace and harmony in life: Thai Buddhists living with HIV/AIDS. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013;4(Suppl):7-14.

148. Austin JL, Falconier MK. Spirituality and common dyadic coping: protective factors from psychological aggression in Latino immigrant couples. J Fam Issues. 2013;34(3):323-346.

149. Giordano AL, Prosek EA, Daly CM, et al. Exploring the relationship between religious coping and spirituality among three types of collegiate substance abuse. J Couns Dev. 2015;93(1):70-79.

150. Shepperd JAM, Smith WA, Tucker C, Algina J. Does religion offer worldviews that dissuade adolescent substance use? Psycholog Relig Spiritual. 2014;6(4):292-301.

151. Kub J, Solari-Twadell PA. Religiosity/spirituality and substance use in adolescence as related to positive development. J Addict Nurs. 2013;24(4):247-262.

152. Bonelli R, Koenig H. Mental disorders, religion, and spirituality 1990 to 2010: a systematic evidence-based review. J Relig Health. 2013;52(2):657-673.

153. Unantenne N, Warren N, Canaway R, Manderson L. The strength to cope: spirituality and faith in chronic disease. J Relig Health. 2013;52(4):1147-1161.

154. McLaughlin B, Yoo W, D'Angelo J, et al. It is out of my hands: how deferring control to God can decrease the quality of life for breast cancer patients. Psychooncology. 2013;22(12):2747-2754.

155. Mattis JS, Grayman-Simpson NA. Faith and the sacred in African American life. In: Pargament KI, Exline JJ, Jones JW (eds). APA Handbook of Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, Volume 1: Context, Theory, and Research. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2013: 547-564.

156. Ai AL, Bjorck JP, Appel HB, Huang B. Asian American spirituality and religion: inherent diversity, uniqueness, and long-lasting psychological influences. In: Pargament KI, Exline JJ, Jones JW (eds). APA Handbook of Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, Volume 1: Context, Theory, and Research. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2013: 581-598.

157. Koss-Chioino J. Religon and spirituality in Latino life in the United States. In: Pargament KI, Exline JJ, Jones JW (eds). APA Handbook of Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, Volume 1: Context, Theory, and Research. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2013: 599-615.

158. King J, Trimble JE, Skawen G, et al. North American Indian and Alaska Native spirituality and psychotherapy. In: Richards PS, Bergin AE (eds). Handbook of Psychotherapy and Religious Diversity. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2014: 451-472.

159. Hunt J. Bio-psycho-social-spiritual assessment? Teaching the skill of spiritual assessment. Social Work & Christianity. 2014;41(4):373-384.

160. Hodge DR. Implicit spiritual assessment: an alternative approach for assessing client spirituality. Soc Work. 2013;58(3):223-230.

161. Stewart M. Spiritual assessment: a patient-centered approach to oncology social work practice. Soc Work Health Care. 2014;53(1):59-73.

162. Keenan EK. Navigating the ethical terrain of spiritually focused psychotherapy goals: multiple worldviews, affective triggers, and personal practices. Smith Coll Stud Soc Work. 2010;80(2-3):228-247.

163. Yarhouse MA, Johnson V. Value and ethical issues: the interface between psychology and religion. In: Pargament KI, Mahoney A, Shafranske EP (eds). APA Handbook of Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, Volume 2: An Applied Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2013: 43-70.

164. Chan ZCY, Fung Y, Chien W. Bracketing in phenomenology: only undertaken in the data collection and analysis process? Qual Rep. 2013;18(59):1-9.

165. Oxhandler HK, Parrish EE. Integrating clients' religion/spirituality in clinical practice: a comparison among social workers, psychologists, counselors, marriage and family therapists, and nurses. J Clin Psychol. 2018;74(4):680-694.

166. Steinhauser KE, Fitchett G, Handzo GF, et al. State of the science of spirituality and palliative care research: part I: definitions, measurement, and outcomes. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017;54(3):428-440.

167. Tomlinson J, Glenn ES, Paine DR, Sandage SJ. What is the "relational" in relational spirituality? A review of definitions and research directions. J Spiritual Ment Health. 2016;18(1):55-75.

168. Starnino VR. Conceptualizing spirituality and religion for mental health practice: perspectives of consumers with serious mental illness. Fam Soc. 2016;97(4):295-304.

169. Oxhandler HK. Social work field instructors' integration of religion and spirituality in clinical practice. J Soc Work Educ. 2017;53(3):449-465.

170. Larsen KM, Rinkel M. What does religion and spirituality mean to a racially diverse group of social work practitioners? J Relig Spiritual Soc Work. 2016;35(3):200-221.

171. AbdAleati NS, Zaharim NM, Mydin YO. Religiousness and mental health: systematic review study. J Relig Health. 2016;55(6): 1929-1937.

172. Virdee G, Tarasoff LA, McKenzie K, Frederick T, Davidson L, Kidd SA. Exploring the contours of religion and spirituality in creating community: a focus on persons with psychosis. J Community Psychol. 2016;44(8):1081-1087.

173. Bremault-Phillips S, Olson J, Brett-MacLean P, et al. Integrating spirituality as a key component of patient care. Religions. 2015;6(2):476-498.

174. Martin J, George R. What is the point of spirituality? Palliat Med. 2016;30(4):325-326.

175. Charlemagne-Badal SJ, Lee JW. Religious social support and hypertension among older North American Seventh-day Adventists.J Relig Health. 2016;55(2):709-728.

176. Augustyn BD, Hall TW, Wang DC, Hill PC. Relational spirituality: an attachment-based model of spiritual development and psychological well-being. Psycholog Relig Spiritual. 2017;9(2):197-208.

177. Tettey N, Duran P, Andersen H, Washington N, Boutin-Foster C. "It's like backing up science with scripture:" lessons learned from the implementation of HeartSmarts, a faith-based cardiovascular disease health education program. J Relig Health. 2016;55(3):1078-1088.

178. Schwingel A, Galvez P. Divine interventions: faith-based approaches to health promotion programs for Latinos. J Relig Health. 2016;55(6):1891-1906.

179. Da Cruz DSM, Cordeiro RDS, Marques DKA, Silva PE. Experience of patients with HIV/AIDS and the influence of religiousity/spirituality when coping the disease. Journal of Nursing UFPE. 2017;11(10):4089-4095.

180. Canada AL, Murphy PE, Fitchett G, Stein K. Re-examining the contributions of faith, meaning, and peace to quality of life: a report from the American Cancer Society's Studies of Cancer Survivors-II (SCS-II). Ann Behav Med. 2016;50(1):79-86.

181. Mollica MA, Homish GG, Homish DL, Orom H, Underwood W. Spirituality is associated with better prostate cancer treatment decision making experiences. J Behav Med. 2016;39(1):161-169.

182. Jung JH, Olson DVA. Where does religion matter most? Personal religiosity and the acceptability of wife-beating in cross-national perspective. Sociol Inq. 2017;87(4):608-633.

183. Ghafournia N. Muslim women and domestic violence: developing a framework for social work practice. J Relig Spiritual Soc Work. 2017;36(1-2):146-163.

184. Varma M, Moore LS, Cataldi JS, Estoup AC, Stewart DG. Religiosity and adolescent marijuana use. Ment Health Relig Cult. 2017;20(3):229-238.

185. Heffernan S, Neil S, Thomas Y, Weatherhead S. Religion in the recovery journey of individuals with experience of psychosis. Psychosis. 2016;8(4):346-356.

186. Ehsan N, Johar N, Zafar F. The moderating role of religiosity among people suffering from depression. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2017;67(5):853-859.

187. Bowie JV, Bell CN, Ewing A, et al. Religious coping and types and sources of information used in making prostate cancer treatment decisions. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(4):1237-1246.

188. Prouty AM, Fischer J, Purdom A, Cobos E, Helmeke KB. Spiritual coping: a gateway to enhancing family communication during cancer treatment. J Relig Health. 2016;55(1):269-287.

189. Chandler DJ. African American spirituality: through another lens. Journal of Spiritual Formation & Soul Care. 2017;10(2):159-181.

190. Pew Research Center. Religious Landscape Study: Blacks. Available at https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/racial-and-ethnic-composition/black. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

191. Pew Research Center. Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths. Available at https://www.pewforum.org/2012/07/19/asian-americans-a-mosaic-of-faiths-overview. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

192. Ai A, Appel H, Nicdao E. Differential associations of religious involvement with the mental health of Asian-American subgroups: a cultural perspective. J Relig Health. 2016;55(6):2113-2130.

193. Ruiz AL, Bartkowski JP, Ellison CG, Acevedo GA, Xu X. Religion and gender ideologies among working-age U.S. Latinas/os. Religions. 2017;8:1-17.

194. Nuñez R, Foubert JD. Understanding the meaning making process of Hispanic college students in their spiritual and religious development. Religion & Education. 2016;43(1):19-40.

195. Del Gaudio F, Hichenberg S, Eisenberg M, Kerr E, Zaider TI, Kissane DW. Latino values in the context of palliative care: illustrative cases from the family focused grief therapy trial. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2013;30(3):271-278.

196. King J, Trimble JE, Morse GS, Thomas LR. North American Indian and Alaska Native spirituality and psychotherapy. In: Richards PS, Bergin AE (eds). Handbook of Psychotherapy and Religious Diversity. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2014: 451-472.

197. Kulis SS, Tsethlikai M. Urban American Indian youth spirituality and religion: a latent class analysis. J Sci Study Relig. 2016;55(4):677-697.

198. Cadge W, Bandini J. The evolution of spiritual assessment tools in healthcare. Society. 2015;52(5):430-437.

199. Culliford L. Taking a spiritual history. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2007;13:212-219.

200. Bryson K. Guidelines for conducting a spiritual assessment. Palliat Support Care. 2015;13(1):91-98.

201. Best M, Butow P, Olver I. Creating a safe space: a qualitative inquiry into the way doctors discuss spirituality. Palliat Support Care. 2016;14(5):519-531.

202. Sanders PW, Richards PS, McBride JA, Lea T, Hardman RK, Barnes DV. Processes and outcomes of theistic spiritually oriented psychotherapy: a practice-based evidence investigation. Spiritual Clin Pract. 2015;2(3):180-190.

203. Ramos K, Erkanli A, Koenig HG. Effects of religious versus conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on suicidal thoughts in major depression and chronic medical illness. Psycholog Relig Spiritual. 2018;10(1):79-87.

204. Koenig HG, Pearce MJ, Nelson B, Daher N. Effects of religious versus standard cognitive-behavioral therapy on optimism in persons with major depression and chronic medical illness. Depress Anxiety. 2015;32(11):835-8442.

205. Magyar-Russell GM, Griffith JL. Addressing unhealthy and potentially harmful expressions of religiousness and spirituality in clinical practice. Spiritual Clin Pract. 2016;3(3):159-162.

206. Casarez RLP, Engebretson JC. Ethical issues of incorporating spiritual care into clinical practice. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(15-16): 2099-2107.

207. Pew Research Center. More Americans Than People in Other Advanced Economies Say COVID-19 Has Strengthened Religious Faith. Available https://www.pewforum.org/2021/01/27/more-americans-than-people-in-other-advanced-economies-say-covid-19-has-strengthened-religious-faith. Last accessed April 14, 2021.

208. Oxhandler HK, Parrish DE, Torres LR, Achenbaum WA. The integration of clients' religion and spirituality in social work practice: a national survey. Social Work. 2015;60(3):228-237.

209. Murgia C, Notarnicola I, Rocco G, Stievano A. Spirituality in nursing: a concept analysis. Nursing Ethics. 2020;27(5):1327-1343.

210. Southard ME, Page RL, Peltzer JN, Burdette AM, Hill TD. Religiosity and health: a holistic biopsychosocial perspective. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2020;38(1):89-101.

211. Charzyńska E, Heszen-Celińska I. Spirituality and mental health care in a religiously homogeneous country: definitions, opinions, and practices among Polish mental health professionals. Journal of Religion and Health. 2020;59:113–134.

212. Victor PCG, Treschuk JV. Critical literature review on the definition clarity of the concept of faith, religion, and spirituality.Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2020;38(1):107-113.

213. Maximo SI. A scoping review of ethical considerations in spiritual/religious counseling and psychotherapy. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling. 2019;73(2):124-133.

214. Cole HL. Intersecting social work practice, education, and spirituality: a conceptual model. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work. 2020;40(1):68-91.

215. Smith TB, Lyon RC, O'Grady K. Integration or separation? Addressing religious and spiritual issues in multicultural counseling: a national survey of college counselors. Journal of College Counseling. 2019;22(3):194-210.

216. Metheany J-S, Coholic D. Exploring spirituality in mental health. Critical Social Work. 2019;10(1).

217. Hodge DR. Increasing spiritual diversity in social work discourse: a scientific avenue toward more effective mental health service provision. Social Work Education. 2019;38(6):753-765.

218. Cook CCH. Spirituality, religion & mental health: exploring the boundaries. Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 2020;23(5):363-374.

219. Gardner F. Social work and spirituality: reflecting on the last 20 years. Journal for the Study of Spirituality. 2020;10(1):72-83.

220. Shields AE, Balboni TA. Building towards common psychosocial measures in U.S. cohort studies: principal investigators' views regarding the role of religiosity and spirituality in human health. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):973.

221. Hemmati R, Bidel Z, Nazarzadeh M, et al. Religion, spirituality and risk of coronary heart disease: a matched case-control study and meta-analysis. Journal of Religion and Health. 2019;58(4):1203-1216.

222. Lipira L, Williams EC, Nevin PE, et al. Religiosity, social support, and ethnic identity: exploring "resilience resources" for African-American women experiencing HIV-related stigma. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2019;81(2):175-183.

223. Vigliotti V, Taggart T, Walker M, Kusmastuti S, Ransome Y. Religion, faith, and spirituality influences on HIV prevention activities: a scoping review. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(6): e0234720.

224. Palmer KE, Meara A, Hyer M, Payne N, Pawlik TM. Understanding the type of support offered within the caregiver, family, and spiritual/religious. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2019;58(1):56-64.

225. Bamishigbin ON, Stein KD, Leach CR, Stanton AL. Spirituality and depressive symptoms in a multiethnic sample of cancer survivors. Health Psychology. 2020;39(7):589-599.

226. Kposowa AJ, Aly Ezzat D. Religiosity, conservatism, and acceptability of anti-female spousal violence in Egypt. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2019;34(12):2525-2550.

227. Grim BJ, Grim ME. Belief, behavior, and belonging: how faith is indispensable in preventing and recovering from substance abuse. Journal of Religion & Health. 2019;58(5):1713-1750.

228. Kelly JF, Eddie D. The role of spirituality and religiousness in aiding recovery from alcohol and other drug problems: an investigation in a national U.S. sample. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. 2020;12(1):116-123.

229. Milner K, Crawford P, Edgley A, Hare-Duke L, Slade M. The experiences of spirituality among adults with mental health difficulties: a qualitative systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2019;29:e34.

230. Kim SS, Kim-Godwin YS. Cultural context of family religiosity/spirituality among Korean-American elderly families. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. 2019;34(1):51-65.

231. Cosby R. Older African American adults: understanding the role of the Black church's support in the community. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work. 2020;39(4):353-371.

232. Chen C, Park J. Pathways of religious assimilation: second-generation Asian Americans' religious retention and religiosity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 2019;58(3):666-688.

233. Pew Research Center. Hispanic Trends: III. Religious Practices and Beliefs. Available at https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2007/04/25/iii-religious-practices-and-beliefs. Last accessed April 15, 2021.

234. Liu J. The Shifting Religious Identity of Latinos in the United States. Available at https://www.pewforum.org/2014/05/07/the-shifting-religious-identity-of-latinos-in-the-united-states. Last accessed April 15, 2021.

235. Gifford W, Thomas O, Thomas R, Grandpierre V, Ukagwu C. Spirituality in cancer survivorship with First Nations people in Canada. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2019;27(8):2969-2976.

236. Taylor EJ. Initial spiritual screening and assessment: five things to remember. Korean Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care. 2020;23(1):1-4.

237. LeDoux J, Mann C, Demoratz M, Young J. Addressing spiritual and religious influences in care delivery. Professional Case Management. 2019;24(3):142-147.

238. Warria A, Chikadzi V. Guidelines for social work spiritual counselling in human trafficking cases. Journal of Social Development in Africa. 2019;34(2):39-66.

239. Bender Schwich K. Respecting spiritual beliefs is part of whole-person care. Journal of Healthcare Management. 2019;64(3):133-136.

240. Huehn SL, Kuehn MB, Fick KE. Integrating spiritual care during interprofessional simulation for baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2019;37(1):94-99.

Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations Citations

1. Pumariega AJ, Rothe E, Mian A, et al. Practice parameter for cultural competence in child and adolescent psychiatric practice. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52(10):1101-1115. Available at https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(13)00479-6/fulltext. Last accessed April 19, 2021.

2. National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care. 4th edition. Richmond, VA: National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care; 2018. Available at https://www.nationalcoalitionhpc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/NCHPC-NCPGuidelines_4thED_web_FINAL.pdf. Last accessed April 19, 2021.


Copyright © 2021 NetCE, PO Box 997571, Sacramento, CA 95899-7571
Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement.