Works Cited

Contraception

Course #93113 - $30 -

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  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexual experience and contraceptive use among female teens—United States, 1995, 2002, and 2006–2010. MMWR. 2012;61(17):297-301.

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Teen Pregnancy. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/about/index.htm. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

3. Nelson AL. Contraceptive update Y2K: need for contraception and new contraceptive options. Clin Cornerstone. 2000;3(1):48-62.

4. Hatcher RA. Contraceptive Technology. 21st ed. New York, NY: Ardent Media, Inc.; 2018.

5. Finer LB, Zolna MR. Unintended pregnancy in the United States: incidence and disparities, 2006. Contraception. 2011;84(5):478-485.

6. Curtis MG, Linares ST, Antoniewicz L. Glass' Office Gynecology. 7th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lipincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.

7. Nelson AL. New frontiers in female contraception (and male condoms): 2012. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2012;21(5):677-693.

8. Guttmacher Institute. Fact Sheet: Contraceptive Use in the United States. Available at https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraceptive-use-united-states. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

9. Shoupe D. Contraceptive Update. Lecture presented at: 32nd Annual Review Course in Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. October 16, 2009; Costa Mesa, CA.

10. Our Bodies Ourselves. A Brief History of Birth Control in the U.S. Available at https://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/book-excerpts/health-article/a-brief-history-of-birth-control. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

11. Medicine Net. Birth Control Timeline. Available at https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52188. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

12. Harken T. Contraception and Sterilization. Lecture presented at: 32nd Annual Review Course in Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. Oct 18, 2009; Costa Mesa, CA.

13. Winner B, Peipert JF, Zhao Q, et al. Effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraception. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1998-2007.

14. Mosher WD, Martinez GM, Chandra A, Abma JC, Wilson SJ. Use of Contraception and Use of Family Planning Services in the United States, 1982–2002. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad350.pdf. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

15. Quan M. Contraception Update: 2009. Lecture presented at: 16th Annual Conference on Office Gynecology & Women's Health for Primary Care. February 12, 2009; Kauai, HI.

16. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalent Evaluations. Available at https://www.fda.gov/media/71474/download. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Updated Information About the Risk of Blood Clots in Women Taking Birth Control Pills Containing Drospirenone. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-updated-information-about-risk-blood-clots-women-taking-birth-control. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

18. Lexicomp Online. Available at http://online.lexi.com. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

19. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions. ACOG Practice Bulletin. 2019;206.

20. Baillargeon JP, McClish DK, Essah PA, Nestler JE. Association between the current use of low-dose oral contraceptives and cardiovascular arterial disease: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):3863-3870.

21. Burkman RT, Collins JA, Shulman LP, Williams JK. Current perspectives on oral contraceptive use. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:S4-S12.

22. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Emergency contraception. ACOG Practice Bulletin. 2015;152.

23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U. S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016. MMWR. 2016;65(3): 1-104.

24. Lidegaard Ø, Løkkegoard E, Jensen A, Skovlund CW, Keiding N. Thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction with hormonal contraception. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(24):2257-2266.

25. Roach RE, Helmerhorst FM, Lijfering WM, Stijnen T, Algra A, Dekkers OM. The Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke in Women Using Birth Control Pills. Available at https://www.cochrane.org/CD011054/FERTILREG_risk-heart-attack-and-stroke-women-using-birth-control-pills. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

26. Allais G, Castagnoli G, De Lorenzo C, Mana O, Benedetto C. Oral contraceptives in migraine. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(3):381-393.

27. Moorman PG, Havrilesky LJ, Gierisch JM, et al. Oral contraceptives and risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer among high-risk women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(33):4188-4198.

28. Cibula D, Zikan M, Dusek L, Majek O. Oral contraceptives and risk of ovarian and breast cancers in BRCA mutation carriers: a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2011;11(8):1197-1207.

29. Robinson JA, Burke AE. Obesity and hormonal contraceptive efficacy. Womens Health. 2013;9(5):453-466.

30. Trussell J, Bimla Schwarz E, Guthrie K. Obesity and oral contraceptive pill failure. Contraception. 2009;79(5):334-338.

31. Dickey RP. Managing Contraceptive Pill/Drug Patients. 15th ed. Dallas, TX: EMIS Medical Publishers; 2014.

32. World Health Organization. WHO provider brief on hormonal contraception and liver disease. Contraception. 2009;80:325-326.

33. MedlinePlus. Estrogen and Progestin (Transdermal Patch Contraceptives). Available at https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a602006.html. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

34. Lidegaard Ø, Nielsen LH, Skovlund CW, Løkkegoard E. Venous thrombosis in users of non-oral hormonal contraception: follow-up study, Denmark 2001–10. BMJ. 2012;344:c2990.

35. MedlinePlus. Estrogen and Progestin (Vaginal Ring Contraceptives). Available at https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604032.html. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

36. Boughton B. NuvaRing Users Have No Enhanced Risk for Blood Clots. Presented at: American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 60th Annual Clinical Meeting. May 7, 2012. San Diego, CA.

37. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices. ACOG Practice Bulletin. 2017;186.

38. Cromer BA, Lazebnik R, Rome E, et al. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial of estrogen supplementation in adolescent girls who receive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(1):42-47.

39. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Bone mineral density concerns should not discourage use of contraceptive shot. ACOG Committee Opinion. 2008;415.

40. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Gynecologic Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 602 Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and bone effects. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:1398-1402. [Reaffirmed 2020].

41. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Nexplanon Observational Risk Assessment Study (NORA). Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01473641. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

42. Xu H, Wade J, Peipert JF, Zhao Q, Madden T, Secura GM. Contraceptive failure rates of etonogestrel subdermal implants in overweight and obese women. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(1):21-26.

43. Moore A, Ryan S, Stamm C. Seeking emergency contraception in the United States: a review of access and barriers. Women Health. 2019;59(4):364-374.

44. Mirena. Available at https://www.mirena-us.com. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

45. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Benefits and risks of sterilization. ACOG Practice Bulletin. 2019;208.

46. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA's Review of Reported Problems. Available at https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/essure-permanent-birth-control/fda-activities-related-essure. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

47. Brown T. FDA Panel Hears Complaints, Gives Recommendations About Essure. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/851581#vp_1. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

48. Murthy P, Edwards J, Pathak M. Update on hysteroscopic sterilisation. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist. 2017;19:227-235.

49. Schilling S, Samuels-Kalow M, Gerber JS, et al. Testing and treatment after adolescent sexual assault in pediatric emergency departments. Pediatrics. 2015;136(6):e1495-e1503.

50. Office on Women's Health. Emergency Contraception. Available at https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/emergency-contraception. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

51. Curtis KM, Jatlaoui TC, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use, 2016: emergency contraception. MMWR. 2016;65(4):1-66.

52. Upadhya KK, Committee on Adolescence. Emergency contraception. Pediatrics. 2019;144(6):e20193149.

53. Ilani N, Roth MY, Amory JK, et al. A new combination of testosterone and nestorone transdermal gels for male hormonal contraception. J Clin Enocrinol Metab. 2012;97(10):3476-3486.

54. Eberhardt J, van Wersch A, Meikle N. Attitudes towards the male contraceptive pill in men and women in casual and stable sexual relationships. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2009;35(3):161-165.

55. U.S. News Health. The Future of Male Birth Control. Available at https://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/02/26/the-future-of-male-birth-control. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

56. Smithsonian.com. Another Step Closer to Male Birth Control Pills. Available at http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-might-be-one-step-closer-male-birth-control-pill-180956851/?no-ist. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

57. Bayer. Bayer to Voluntarily Discontinue U.S. Sales of Essure at End of 2018 for Business Reasons. Available at https://www.bayer.com/en/file/35331/download?token=CtHS6hzL. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

58. Abma JC, Martinez GM. National Health Statistics Report: Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use Among Teenagers in the United States, 2011–2015. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr104.pdf. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

59. Jones J, Mosher W, Daniels K. Current Contraceptive Use in the United States, 2006–2010, and Changes in Patterns of Use Since 1995. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr060.pdf. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Survey of Family Growth: Contraception. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/c.htm#contraception. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

61. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update to CDC's U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016: Revised Recommendations for the Use of Hormonal Contraception Among Women at High Risk for HIV Infection. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6637a6.htm?s_cid=mm6637a6_w. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

62. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves New Vaginal Ring for One Year of Birth Control. Available at https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm616541.htm. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

63. National Conference of State Legislatures. Emergency Contraception State Laws. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/emergency-contraception-state-laws.aspx. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

64. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of Emergency Contraception Among Women Aged 15–44: United States, 2006–2010. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db112.htm. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

65. Guttmacher Institute. Emergency Contraception. Available at https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/emergency-contraception. Last accessed December 05, 2021.

66. World Health Organization. Emergency Contraception Fact Sheet. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/emergency-contraception. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

67. Thirumalai A, Ceponis J, Amory JK. ENDO 2018 Conference: OR15-2—Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of 28 Days of Oral Dimethandrolone Undecanoate in Healthy Men: A Prototype Male Pill. Available at http://www.abstractsonline.com/pp8/#!/4482/presentation/6619. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

68. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Allows Marketing of First Direct-to-Consumer App for Contraceptive Use to Prevent Pregnancy. Available at https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm616511.htm. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

69. Guttmacher Institute. Unintended Pregnancy in the United States. Available at https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/unintended-pregnancy-united-states. Last accessed December 5, 2021.

70. Daniels KD, Abma JC. Current contraceptive status among women aged 15–49: United States, 2017–2019. NCHS Data Brief. 2020;388:1-8.

71. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Noncontraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives. ACOG Practice Bulletin. 2010;110.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.