Works Cited

Childhood Leukemias and Lymphomas

Course #62343 -

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

1. Noone AM, Howlader N, Krapcho M, et al. (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2018. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2018.

2. National Cancer Institute. Cancer in Children and Adolescents. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

3. Oeffinger KC, Mertens AC, Sklar CA, et al. Chronic health conditions in adult survivors of childhood cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(15):1572-1582.

4. Geenen MM, Cardous-Ubbink MC, Kremer LC, et al. Medical assessment of adverse health outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. JAMA. 2007;297(24):2705-2715.

5. Mertens AC, Liu Q, Neglia JP, et al. Cause-specific late mortality among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(19):1368-1379.

6. Mody R, Li S, Dover DC. Twenty-five-year follow-up among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Blood. 2008;111(12):5515-5523.

7. Friedman DL, Whitton J, Leisenring W, et al. Subsequent neoplasms in 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010;102(14):1083-1095.

8. Howk T, Wasilewski-Masker K. Palliative care for adolescents and young adults: a pediatric perspective. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2011;1(1):11-12.

9. Kondryn HJ, Edmondson CL, Hill J, Eden TO. Treatment non-adherence in teenage and young adult patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(1):100-108.

10. Sender LS (ed). Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology. Available at https://home.liebertpub.com/publications/journal-of-adolescent-and-young-adult-oncology/387/overview. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

11. Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2018. Natl Vit Stat Rept. 2021;70(4):1-115.

12. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, et al. The World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee Meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November, 1997. Ann Oncol. 1999;10(12):1419-1432.

13. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127(20):2375-2390.

14. National Cancer Institute. Cancer Stat Facts: Childhood Leukemia (Ages 0-19). Available at https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/childleuk.html. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

15. National Cancer Institute. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/cll-treatment-pdq#section/_1. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

16. Ward E, DeSantis C, Robbins A, Kohler B, Jemal A. Childhood and adolescent cancer statistics, 2014. Ca Cancer J Clin. 2014;64(2):83-103.

17. Zipursky A, Brown E, Christensen H, Sutherland R, Doyle J. Leukemia and/or myeloproliferative syndrome in neonates with Down syndrome. Semin Perinatol. 1997;21(1):97-101.

18. Sandler D, Ross JA. Epidemiology of acute leukemia in children and adults. Semin Oncol. 1997;24(1):3-16.

19. Rubnitz JE, Inaba H, Ribeiro RC. Acute myeloid leukemia. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

20. Marcotte EL, Ritz B, Cockburn M, Clarke CA, Heck JE. Birth characteristics and risk of lymphoma in young children. Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;38(1):48-55.

21. Milne E, Greenop KR, Scott RJ, et al. Parental prenatal smoking and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(1):43-53.

22. Marcotte EL, Ritz B, Cockburn M, Yu F, Heck JE. Exposure to infections and risk of leukemia in young children. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(7):1195-1203.

23. Filipovich AH, Mathur A, Kamat D, Shapiro RS. Primary immunodeficiencies: genetic risk factors for lymphoma. Cancer Res. 1992;52(19 Suppl):5465s-5467s.

24. Hutchison RE, Uner A. Biology and pathology of Hodgkin's disease. In: Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, Link MP (eds). Pediatric Lymphomas. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 7-18.

25. Hjalgrim H, Rostgaard K, Johnson PCD, et al. HLA-A alleles and infectious mononucleosis suggest a critical role for cytotoxic T-cell response in EBV-related Hodgkin lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(14):6400-6405.

26. Mbulaiteye SM, Pullarkat ST, Nathwani BN, et al. Epstein-Barr virus patterns in US Burkitt lymphoma tumors from the SEER residual tissue repository during 1979–2009. APMIS. 2014;122(1):5-15.

27. Linabery AM, Erhardt EB, Fonstad RK, et al. Infectious, autoimmune and allergic diseases and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: a Children's Oncology Group study. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(6):1454-1469.

28. Rudant J, Orsi L, Menegaux F, et al. Childhood acute leukemia, early common infections, and allergy: the ESCALE Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(9):1015-1027.

29. Gutensohn N, Cole P. Childhood social environment and Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med. 1981;304(3):135-140.

30. Goldin LR, Landgren O, Kristinsson SY, Bjorkholm M, Paltiel O. Infection in infancy and subsequent risk of developing lymphoma in children and young adults. Blood. 2011;117(5):1670-1672.

31. Spector L, Charbonneau B, Robison LL. Epidemiology and etiology. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

32. Linabery A, Olshan AF, Gamis AS, et al. Exposure to medical test irradiation and acute leukemia among children with Down Syndrome: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatrics. 2006;118(5):e1499-e1508.

33. Slater ME, Linabery AM, Spector LG, et al. Maternal exposure to household chemicals and risk of infant leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer Causes Control. 2011;22(8):1197-1204.

34. McKenzie LM, Allshouse WB, Byers TE, Bedrick EJ, Serdar B, Adgate JL. Childhood hematologic cancer and residential proximity to oil and gas development. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0710423.

35. Antonopoulos C, Sergentanis T, Papadopoulou C, et al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood lymphoma: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2011;129(11):2694-2703.

36. Percy C, Smith MA, Linet M, et al. Lymphomas and reticuloendothelial neoplasms. In: Ries L, Smith MA, Gurney JG, et al. (eds). Cancer Incidence and Survival among Children and Adolescents: United States SEER Program 1975–1995; NIH Pub. No. 99-4649. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, SEER Program; 1999: 35-50.

37. Grufferman S, Gilchrist GS, Pollock BH, et al. Socioeconomic status, the Epstein-Barr virus and risk of Hodgkin's disease in children. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001;42(Suppl 2):40.

38. Pui C. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

39. Gale K, Ford AM, Repp R, et al. Backtracking leukemia to birth: identification of clonotypic gene fusion sequences in neonatal blood spots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(25):13950-13954.

40. Ford A, Bennett CA, Price CM, et al. Fetal origins of the TEL-AML1 fusion gene in identical twins with leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95(8):4584-4588.

41. Rubnitz JE, Gibson B, Smith FO. Acute myeloid leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am. 2010;24(1):35-63.

42. Aplenc R, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, et al. Ethnicity and survival in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 2006;108(1):74-80.

43. Lukes R, Butler JJ. The pathology and nomenclature of Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Res. 1966;26:1063-1081.

44. National Cancer Institute. Rye Classification for Hodgkin Disease. Available at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/lymphoma/abstract-code-stage/morphology/rye.html. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

45. Perkins S, Morris SW. Biology and pathology of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In: Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, Link MP (eds). Pediatric Lymphomas. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 91-140.

46. National Cancer Institute. Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ). Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-treatment-pdq. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

47. Kanbar AH, Sacher RA. Burkitt Lymphoma and Burkitt-like Lymphoma. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1447602-overview. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

48. Seidemann K, Tiemann M, Lauterbach I, et al. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma with sclerosis in pediatric and adolescent patients: treatment and results from three therapeutic studies of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(9):1782-1789.

49. Rosenwald A, Wright G, Leroy K, et al. Molecular diagnosis of primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma identifies a clinically favorable subgroup of diffuse large B cell lymphoma related to Hodgkin lymphoma. J Exp Med. 2003;198(6):851-862.

50. Savage K, Monti S, Kutok JL, et al. The molecular signature of mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma differs from that of other diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and shares features with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2003;102(12):3871-3879.

51. Neth O, Seidemann K, Jansen P, et al. Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in childhood and adolescence: clinical features, treatment, and results in trials NHL-BFM 86 and 90. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000;35(1):20-27.

52. Phipps S, Tyc VL, Conklin H, Kevin K. Psychosocial issues. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

53. Anghelescu DL, Kaddoum R. Pain management. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

54. Landier W, Tse AM. Use of complementary and alternative medical interventions for the management of procedure-related pain, anxiety, and distress in pediatric oncology: an integrative review. J Pediatr Nurs. 2010;25(6):566-579.

55. Behm FG. Immunophenotyping. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

56. Raimondi SC. Cytogenetics of acute leukemias. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

57. American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines for the pediatric cancer center and the role of such centers in diagnosis and treatment. Pediatrics. 1997;99(1):139-141.

58. American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines for pediatric cancer centers. Pediatrics. 2004;113(6):1833-1835.

59. Young G, Toretsky JA, Campbell AB, Eskenazi AE. Recognition of common childhood malignancies. Am Fam Phys. 2000;61(7):2144-2154.

60. Jones L, Saha V. Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. Br J Haematol. 2005;130(4):489-500.

61. Creutzig U, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Gibson B, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia in children and adolescents: recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood. 2012;120(16):3187-3205.

62. Bennett J, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al. Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) co-operative group. Br J Haematol. 1976;33(4):451-458.

63. Onciu M, Pui CH. Diagnosis and classification. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

64. McLean T, Ringold S, Neuberg D, et al. TEL/AML-1 dimerizes and is associated with a favorable outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1996;88(11):4252-4258.

65. Betts DR, Ammann RA, Hirt A, et al. The prognostic significance of cytogenetic aberrations in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia: a study of the Swiss Paediatric Oncology Group (SPOG). Eur J Haematol Suppl. 2007;78(6):468-476.

66. Meshinchi S, Arceci RJ. Prognostic factors and risk-based therapy in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Oncologist. 2007;12(3):341-355.

67. Wells R, Arthur DC, Srivastava A, et al. Prognostic variables in newly diagnosed children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia: Children's Cancer Group Study 213. Leukemia. 2002;16(4):601-607.

68. Grier HE, Gelber RD, Camitta BM, et al. Prognostic factors in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5(7):1026-1032.

69. Aziz H, Ping CY, Alias H, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R. Gene mutations as emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:897.

70. Farrar JE, Schuback HL, Ries RE, et al. Genomic profiling of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia reveals a changing mutational landscape from disease diagnosis to relapse. Cancer Res. 2016;76(8):2197-2205.

71. Tarlock K, Zhong S, He Y, et al. Distinct age-associated molecular profiles in acute myeloid leukemia defined by comprehensive clinical genomic profiling. Oncotarget. 2018;9(41):26417-26430.

72. Pui CH, Evans WE. Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(2):166-178.

73. American Cancer Society. Prognostic Factors in Childhood Leukemia (ALL or AML). Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/prognostic-factors.html. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

74. Hossain MJ, Xie L, McCahan SM. Characterization of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia survival patterns by age at diagnosis. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;865979.

75. Wang Y, Huang J, Rong L, et al. Impact of age on the survival of pediatric leukemia: an analysis of 15083 children in the SEER database. Oncotarget. 2016;7(50):83767-83774.

76. Trueworthy R, Shuster J, Look T, et al. Ploidy of lymphoblasts is the strongest predictor of treatment outcome in B-progenitor cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10(4):606-613.

77. Möricke A, Zimmermann M, Reiter A, et al. Prognostic impact of age in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: data from the trials ALL-BFM 86, 90, and 95. Klin Padiatr. 2005;217(6):310-320.

78. Forestier E, Schmiegelow K, Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology. The incidence peaks of the childhood acute leukemias reflect specific cytogenetic aberrations. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;28(8):486-495.

79. Smith M, Arthur D, Camitta B, et al. Uniform approach to risk classification and treatment assignment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14(1):18-24.

80. Reaman GH, Sposto R, Sensel MG, et al. Treatment outcome and prognostic factors for infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/treated on two consecutive trials of the Children's Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(2):445-455.

81. Kosaka Y, Koh K, Kinukawa N, et al. Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia with MLL gene rearrangements: outcome following intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2004;104(12):3527-3534.

82. Pui C, Sandlund JT, Pei D, et al. Results of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in black and white children. JAMA. 2003;290(15):2001-2007.

83. Mahmoud HH, Rivera GK, Hancock ML, et al. Low leukocyte counts with blast cells in cerebrospinal fluid of children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(5):314-319.

84. Gilchrist GS, Tubergen DG, Sather HN, et al. Low numbers of CSF blasts at diagnosis do not predict for the development of CNS leukemia in children with intermediate-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Cancer Group report. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12(12):2594-2600.

85. Winick N, Devidas M, Chen S, et al. Impact of initial CSF findings on outcome among patients with National Cancer Institute standard- and high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. JClin Oncol. 2017;35(22):2527-2534.

86. Pui CH, Boyett JM, Relling MV, et al. Sex differences in prognosis for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(3):818-824.

87. Shuster JJ, Wacker P, Pullen J, et al. Prognostic significance of sex in childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(8):2854-2863.

88. Chessells J, Richards SM, Bailey CC, et al. Gender and treatment outcome in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: report from the MRC UKALL trials. Br J Haematol. 1995;89(2):364-372.

89. Pui CH, Sandlund JT, Pei D, et al. Improved outcome for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Total Therapy Study XIIIB at St Jude Children's Research Hospital. Blood. 2004;104(9):2690-2696.

90. Silverman LB, Gelber RD, Dalton VK, et al. Improved outcome for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Dana-Farber Consortium Protocol 91-01. Blood. 2001;97(5):1211-1218.

91. Singh SK, Lupo PJ, Scheurer ME, et al. A childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia genome-wide association study identifies novel sex-specific risk variants. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(46):e5300.

92. Do TN, Ucisik-Akkaya E, Davis CF, et al. An intronic polymorphism of IRF4 gene influences gene transcription in vitro and shows a risk association with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in males. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1802:292-300.

93. Morrison BA, Ucisik-Akkaya E, Flores H, et al. Multiple sclerosis risk markers in HLA-DRA, HLA-C, and IFNG genes are associated with sex-specific childhood leukemia risk. Autoimmunity. 2010;43:690-697.

94. Healy J, Richer C, Bourgey M, et al. Replication analysis confirms the association of ARID5B with childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2010;95:1608-1611.

95. Kadan-Lottick N, Ness KK, Bhatia S, Gurney JG. Survival variability by race and ethnicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JAMA. 2003;290(15):2008-2014.

96. Pui CH, Pei D, Sandlund JT, et al. Long-term results of St. Jude Total Therapy studies 11, 12, 13A, 13B and 14 for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2010;24(2):371-382.

97. Kahn JM, Cole PD, Blonquist TM, et al. An investigation of toxicities and survival in Hispanic children and adolescents with ALL: results from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium protocol 05-001. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65(3).

98. Tai EW, Ward KC, Bonaventure A, Siegel DA, Coleman MP. Survival among children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States, by race and age, 2001 to 2009: findings from the CONCORD-2 study. Cancer. 2017;123(Suppl 24):5178-5189.

99. Raimondi S, Pui CH, Hancock ML, et al. Heterogeneity of hyperdiploid (51-67) childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 1996;10(2):213-224.

100. Raimondi S, Zhou Y, Mathew S, et al. Reassessment of the prognostic significance of hypodiploidy in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer. 2003;98(12):2715-2722.

101. Moorman AV, Richards SM, Martineau M, et al. Outcome heterogeneity in childhood high-hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2003;102(8):2756-2762.

102. Dastugue N, Suciu S, Plat G, et al. Hyperdiploidy with 58-66 chromosomes in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia is highly curable: 58951 CLG-EORTC results. Blood. 2013;121(13):2415-2423.

103. Schultz KR, Pullen DJ, Sather HN, et al. Risk- and response-based classification of childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a combined analysis of prognostic markers from the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) and Children's Cancer Group (CCG). Blood. 2007;109(3):926-935.

104. Kanerva J, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, Niini T, et al. Favorable outcome in 20-year follow-up of children with very-low-risk ALL and minimal standard therapy, with special reference to TEL-AML1 fusion. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2004;42(1):30-35.

105. Heerema N, Harbott J, Galimberti S, et al. Secondary cytogenetic aberrations in childhood Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia are nonrandom and may be associated with outcome. Leukemia. 2004;18(4):693-702.

106. Gaynon PS, Angiolillo AL, Carroll WL, et al. Long-term results of the children's cancer group studies for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia 1983–2002: a Children's Oncology Group Report. Leukemia. 2010;24(2):285-297.

107. Chessells J, Harrison G, Richards SM, et al. Down's syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: clinical features and response to treatment. Arch Dis Child. 2001;85(4):321-325.

108. Bassal M, La MK, Whitlock JA, et al. Lymphoblast biology and outcome among children with Down syndrome and ALL treated on CCG-1952. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;44(1):21-28.

109. Canner J, Alonzo TA, Franklin J, et al. Differences in outcomes of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia for adolescent/young adult and younger patients: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer. 2013;119(23):4162-4169.

110. Ravindranath Y, Chang M, Steuber CP, et al. Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) studies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a review of four consecutive childhood AML trials conducted between 1981 and 2000. Leukemia. 2005;19(12):2101-2116.

111. Braoudaki M, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F. Clinical cytogenetics in pediatric acute leukemia: an update. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2012;12(4):230-237.

112. Radhi M, Meshinch S, Gamis A. Prognostic factors in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2010;5(4):200-206.

113. Hudson M, Schwartz C, Constine LS. Treatment of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma. In: Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, Link MP (eds). Pediatric Lymphomas. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 35-66.

114. Magrath I. B-cell lymphoma/Burkitt lymphoma. In: Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, Link MP (eds). Pediatric Lymphomas. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 141-174.

115. Sandlund JT. Precursor B and precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. In: Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, Link MP (eds). Pediatric Lymphomas. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 199-213.

116. Reiter A. Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. In: Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, Link MP (eds). Pediatric Lymphomas. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 175-197.

117. Nachman JB, Sposto R, Herzog P, et al. Randomized comparison of low-dose involved-field radiotherapy and no radiotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease who achieve a complete response to chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(18):3765-3771.

118. Rühl U, Albrecht M, Dieckmann K, et al. Response-adapted radiotherapy in the treatment of pediatric Hodgkin's disease: an interim report at 5 years of the German GPOH-HD 95 trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;51(5):1209-1218.

119. Roddie C, Peggs KS. Hodgkin's lymphoma. Medicine. 2009;37(4):208-211.

120. Ratkin G, Presant CA, Weinerman B, Reinhard EH. Correlation of anemia with infradiaphragmatic involvement in Hodgkin's disease and other malignant lymphomas. Can Med Assoc J. 1974;111(9):924-927.

121. King DR, Patrick LE, Ginn-Pease ME, McCoy KS, Klopfenstein K. Pulmonary function is compromised in children with mediastinal lymphoma. J Pediatr Surg. 1997;32(2):294-299, 299-300.

122. Raab CP, Gartner JC Jr. Diagnosis of childhood cancer. Prim Care. 2009;36(4):671-684.

123. Merck Manual Online. Hodgkin Lymphoma. Available at https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/lymphomas/hodgkin-lymphoma. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

124. Carbone P, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M. Report of the Committee on Hodgkin's Disease Staging Classification. Cancer Res. 1971;31(11):1860-1861.

125. National Cancer Institute. Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ): Diagnosis and Staging. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#section/all. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

126. Smith R, Chen Q, Hudson MM, et al. Prognostic factors for children with Hodgkin's disease treated with combined-modality therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(10):2026-2033.

127. National Cancer Institute. Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ). Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

128. Schellong G. Treatment of children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease: the experience of the German-Austrian Paediatric Study Group. Bailleres Clin Haematol. 1996;9(3):619-634.

129. Nachman J. Clinical characteristics, biologic features and outcome for young adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.Br J Haematol. 2005;130(2):166-173.

130. Dieckmann K, Potter R, Hofmann J, et al. Does bulky disease at diagnosis influence outcome in childhood Hodgkin's disease and require higher radiation doses? Results from the German-Austrian Pediatric Multicenter Trial DAL-HD-90. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;56(3):644-652.

131. Maity A, Goldwein JW, Lange B, D'Angio GJ. Mediastinal masses in children with Hodgkin's disease: an analysis of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania experience. Cancer. 1992;69(11):2755-2760.

132. Montalban C, Garcia JF, Abraira V, et al. Influence of biologic markers on the outcome of Hodgkin's lymphoma: a study by the Spanish Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(9):1664-1673.

133. Cleary S, Link MP, Donaldson SS. Hodgkin's disease in the very young. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994;28(1):77-83.

134. Friedman DL, Chen L, Wolden S, et al. Dose-intensive response-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy for children and adolescents with newly diagnosed intermediate-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study AHOD0031. JClin Oncol. 2014;32(32):3651-3658.

135. Burkhardt B, Zimmermann M, Oschlies I, et al. The impact of age and gender on biology, clinical features and treatment outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood and adolescence. Br J Haematol. 2005;131(1):39-49.

136. Lones MA, Perkins SL, Sposto R, et al. Large-cell lymphoma arising in the mediastinum in children and adolescents is associated with an excellent outcome: a Children's Cancer Group report. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(22):3845-3853.

137. Reiter A, Schrappe M, Tiemann M, et al. Successful treatment strategy for Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of childhood: a prospective analysis of 62 patients enrolled in three consecutive Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster group studies. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12(5):899-908.

138. Johnston JM. Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Clinical Presentation. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/987540-clinical. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

139. Brugières L, Deley MC, Pacquement H, et al. CD30(+) anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in children: analysis of 82 patients enrolled in two consecutive studies of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology. Blood. 1998;92(10):3591-3598.

140. Seidemann K, Tiemann M, Schrappe M, et al. Short-pulse B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma-type chemotherapy is efficacious treatment for pediatric anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: a report of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Group Trial NHL-BFM 90. Blood. 2001;97(12):3699-3706.

141. Delong L, Furqan M, Urbanski C, Krishnan K. Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/208050-overview#a21. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

142. Paes FM, Kalkanis DG, Sideras PA, Serafini AN. FDG PET/CT of extranodal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease. Radiographics. 2010;30(1):269-291.

143. Weiler-Sagie M, Bushelev O, Epelbaum R, et al. (18)F-FDG avidity in lymphoma readdressed: a study of 766 patients. J Nucl Med. 2010;51(1):25-30.

144. Bakhshi S, Radhakrishnan V, Sharma P, et al. Pediatric nonlymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma: baseline, interim, and posttreatment PET/CT versus contrast-enhanced CT for evaluation—a prospective study. Radiology. 2012;262(3):956-968.

145. Murphy SB. Classification, staging and end results of treatment of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: dissimilarities from lymphomas in adults. Semin Oncol. 1980;7(3):332-339.

146. National Cancer Institute. Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment: Stage Information for Childhood NHL. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-treatment-pdq#section/_24. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

147. Shankland KR, Armitage JO, Hancock BW. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet. 2012;380(9844):848-857.

148. Cairo MS, Sposto R, Gerrard M, et al. Advanced stage, increased lactate dehydrogenase, and primary site, but not adolescent age (≥ 15 years), are associated with an increased risk of treatment failure in children and adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of the FAB LMB 96 study. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(4):387-393.

149. Williams DM, Hobson R, Imeson J, et al. Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in childhood: analysis of 72 patients treated on The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group chemotherapy regimens. Br J Haematol. 2002;117(4):812-820.

150. Le Deley MC, Reiter A, Williams D, et al. Prognostic factors in childhood anaplastic large cell lymphoma: results of a large European intergroup study. Blood. 2008;111(3):1560-1566.

151. Mussolin L, Damm-Welk C, Pillon M, et al. Use of minimal disseminated disease and immunity to NPM-ALK antigen to stratify ALK-positive ALCL patients with different prognosis. Leukemia. 2013;27(2):416-422.

152. Schrappe M, Reiter A, Ludwig WD, et al. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: results of trial ALL-BFM 90. German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group. Blood. 2000;95(11):3310-3322.

153. Beck RS, Daughtridge R, Sloane PD. Physician-patient communication in the primary care office: a systematic review. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2002;15(1):25-38.

154. Office of Minority Health. Cultural and Linguistic Competency. Available at https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=1&lvlid=6. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

155. Paez K, Allen JK, Beach MC, Carson KA, Cooper LA. Physician cultural competence and patient ratings of the patient-physician relationship. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(4):495-498.

156. Powers BJ, Trinh JV, Bosworth HB. Can this patient read and understand written health information? JAMA. 2010;304(1):76-84.

157. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey Data: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States. Available at https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data.html. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

158. Karliner LS, Napoles-Springer AM, Schillinger D, Bibbins-Domingo K, Pérez-Stable EJ. Identification of limited English proficient patients in clinical care. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(10):1555-1560.

159. Levas MN, Cowden JD, Dowd MD. Effects of the limited English proficiency of parents on hospital length of stay and home health care referral for their home health care-eligible children with infections. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(9):831-836.

160. Office of Minority Health. The National CLAS Standards. Available at https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=2&lvlid=53. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

161. Flores G. The impact of medical interpreter services on the quality of health care: a systematic review. Med Care Res Rev. 2005;62(3):255-299.

162. Flores G, Abreu M, Barone CP, Bachur R, Lin H. Errors of medical interpretation and their potential clinical consequences: a comparison of professional versus ad hoc versus no interpreters. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(5):545-553.

163. Karliner LS, Jacobs EA, Chen AH, Mutha S. Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? A systematic review of the literature. Health Serv Res. 2007;42(2):727-754.

164. Ngo-Metzger Q, Massagli MP, Clarridge BR, et al. Linguistic and cultural barriers to care: perspectives of Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(1):44-52.

165. Kuo DZ, O'Connor KG, Flores G, Minkovitz CS. Pediatricians' use of language services for families with limited English proficiency. Pediatrics. 2007;119(4):e920-e927.

166. DeCamp LR, Zuo DZ, Flores G, O'Connor K, Minkovitz CS. Changes in language services use by US pediatricians. Am Acad Pediatr. 2013;132(2):e396.

167. Norris W, Wenrich MD, Nielsen EL, Treece PD, Jackson JC, Curtis JR. Communication about end-of-life care between language-discordant patients and clinicians: insights from medical interpreters. J Palliat Med. 2005;8(5):1016-1024.

168. Kutner M, Greenberg E, Jin,Y, Paulsen C, White S. The Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Available at https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006483.pdf. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

169. Paasche-Orlow MK, Parker RM, Gazmararian JA, Nielsen-Bohlman LT, Rudd RR. The prevalence of limited health literacy.J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(2):175-184.

170. Shah LC, West P, Bremmeyr K, Savoy-Moore RT. Health literacy instrument in family medicine: the "newest vital sign" ease of use and correlates. J Am Board Fam Med. 2010;23(2):195-203.

171. Jeppesen KM, Coyle JD, Miser WF. Screening questions to predict limited health literacy: a cross-sectional study of patients with diabetes mellitus. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7(1):24-31.

172. American Academy of Pediatrics. Family pediatrics: report of the Task Force on the Family. Pediatrics. 2003;111(6):1541-1571.

173. Kang T, Hoehn KS, Licht DJ, et al. Pediatric palliative, end-of-life, and bereavement care. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005;52(4): 1029-1046.

174. De Trill M, Kovalcik R. The child with cancer: influence of culture on truth-telling and patient care. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1997;809(1):197-210.

175. Surbone A. Family, autonomy, and cultural differences. In: Perry MC (ed). ASCO 2006 Educational Book. Alexandria, VA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2006: 156-159.

176. Epstein R, Street RL Jr. Patient-Centered Communication in Cancer Care: Promoting Healing and Reducing Suffering. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2007.

177. Eden LM, Callister LC. Parent involvement in end-of-life care and decision making in the newborn intensive care unit: an integrative review. J Perinat Educ. 2010;19(1):29-39.

178. Whitney S, Ethier AM, Fruge E, Berg S, McCullough LB, Hockenberry M. Decision making in pediatric oncology: who should take the lead? The decisional priority in pediatric oncology model. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(1):160-165.

179. Mack JW, Wolfe J, Grier HE, Cleary PD, Weeks JC. Communication about prognosis between parents and physicians of children with cancer: parent preferences and the impact of prognostic information. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(33):5265-5270.

180. Mack JW, Grier HE. The day one talk. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(3):563-566.

181. Buckman R, Kason Y. How to Break Bad News: A Guide for Health Care Professionals. Baltimore, MY: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1992.

182. Roter D. The enduring and evolving nature of the patient-physician relationship. Patient Educ Couns. 2000;39(1):5-15.

183. Stillion J, Papadatou D. Suffer the children: an examination of psychosocial issues in children and adolescents with terminal illness. Am Behav Sci. 2002;46(2):299-315.

184. Hilden JM, Watterson J, Chrastek J. Tell the children. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(9 Suppl):37s-39s.

185. Beale EA, Baile WF, Aaron J. Silence is not golden: communicating with children dying from cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(15):3629-3631.

186. Young B, Ward J, Salmon P, Gravenhorst K, Hill J, Eden T. Parents' experiences of their children's presence in discussions with physicians about leukemia. Pediatrics. 2011;127(5):e1230-e1238.

187. Ranmal R, Prictor M, Scott JT. Interventions for improving communication with children and adolescents about their cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD002969.

188. Mohan SR, Advani AS. Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2011;1(1):19-24.

189. Shochat SJ, Fremgen AM, Murphy SB, et al. Childhood cancer: patterns of protocol participation in a national survey. CA Cancer J Clin. 2001;51(2):119-130.

190. Peppercorn J, Weeks JC, Cook EF, Joffe S. Comparison of outcomes in cancer patients treated within and outside clinical trials: conceptual framework and structured review. Lancet. 2004;363(9405):263-270.

191. Miller VA, Drotar D, Burant C, Kodish E. Clinician-parent communication during informed consent for pediatric leukemia trials.J Pediatr Psychol. 2005;30(3):219-229.

192. Forcina V, Vakeesan B, Paulo C, et al. Perceptions and attitudes toward clinical trials in adolescent and young adults with cancer: a systematic review. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2018;9:87-94.

193. Barakat LP, Schwartz LA, Reilly A, Deatrick JA, Bailis F. A qualitative study of phase III cancer clinical trial enrollment decision-making: perspectives from adolescents, young adults, caregivers, and providers. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2014;3(1):3-11.

194. Shaw PH, Boyiadzis M, Tawbi H, et al. Improved clinical trial enrollment in adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology patients after the establishment of an AYA oncology program uniting pediatric and medical oncology divisions. Cancer. 2012;118(14):3614-3617.

195. Collins CL, Malvar J, Hamilton AS, Deapen DM, Freyer DR. Case-linked analysis of clinical trial enrollment among adolescents and young adults at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center. Cancer. 2015;121(24):4398-4406.

196. Committee on Bioethics. Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice. Pediatrics. 1995;95(2):314-317.

197. Joffe S, Fernandez CV, Pentz RD, et al. Involving children with cancer in decision-making about research participation. J Pediatr. 2006;149(6):862-868.

198. Ondrusek N, Abramovitch R, Pencharz P, Koren G. Empirical examination of the ability of children to consent to clinical research. J Med Ethics. 1998;24(3):158-165.

199. Wendler DS. Assent in paediatric research: theoretical and practical considerations. J Med Ethics. 2006;32(4):229-234.

200. Blake DR, Lemay CA, Kearney MH, Mazor KM. Adolescents' understanding of research concepts: a focus group study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(6):533-539.

201. U.S. Congress. Basic HHS Policy for Protection of Human Research Subjects. Available at https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title45/45cfr46_main_02.tpl. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

202. Olechnowicz JQ, Eder M, Simon C, Zyzanski S, Kodish E. Assent observed: children's involvement in leukemia treatment and research discussions. Pediatrics. 2002;109(5):806-814.

203. Eder ML, Yamokoski AD, Wittmann PW, Kodish ED. Improving informed consent: suggestions from parents of children with leukemia. Pediatrics. 2007;119(4):e849-e859.

204. Miller VA, Baker JN, Leek AC, Drotar D, Kodish E. Patient involvement in informed consent for pediatric phase I cancer research. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;36(8):635-640.

205. Simon CM, Siminoff LA, Kodish ED, Burant C. Comparison of the informed consent process for randomized clinical trials in pediatric and adult oncology. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(13):2708-2717.

206. Baker JN, Leek AC, Salas HS, et al. Suggestions from adolescents, young adults, and parents for improving informed consent in phase 1 pediatric oncology trials. Cancer. 2013;119(23):4154-4161.

207. O'Lonergan TA, Forster-Harwood JE. Novel approach to parental permission and child assent for research: improving comprehension. Pediatrics. 2011;127(5):917-924.

208. Hertzberg H, Huk WJ, Ueberall MA, et al. CNS late effects after ALL therapy in childhood. Part I. Neuroradiological findings in long-term survivors of childhood ALL: an evaluation of the interferences between morphology and neuropsychological performance. The German Late Effects Working Group. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1997;28(6):387-400.

209. Friedman D, Meadows AT. Late effects following lymphoma treatment. In: Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, Link MP (eds). Pediatric Lymphomas. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 259-280.

210. Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Sallan SE, et al. Chronic progressive cardiac dysfunction years after doxorubicin therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(12):2629-2636.

211. Hancock SL, Donaldson SS, Hoppe RT. Cardiac disease following treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children and adolescents.J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(7):1208-1215.

212. Dong J, Chen H. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2018;5:9.

213. National Cancer Institute. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ). Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

214. Patte C, Auperin A, Michon J, et al. The Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique LMB89 protocol: highly effective multiagent chemotherapy tailored to the tumor burden and initial response in 561 unselected children with B-cell lymphomas and L3 leukemia. Blood. 2001;97(11):3370-3379.

215. Brown P, Hunger SP, Smith FO, Carroll WL, Reaman GH. Novel targeted drug therapies for the treatment of childhood acute leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol. 2009;2(9):145.

216. Cancer Network. FDA Approves Imatinib (Gleevec) for Pediatric ALL. Available at https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/fda-approves-imatinib-gleevec-pediatric-all. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

217. Möricke A, Reiter A, Zimmermann M, et al. Risk-adjusted therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia can decrease treatment burden and improve survival: treatment results of 2169 unselected pediatric and adolescent patients enrolled in the trial ALL-BFM 95. Blood. 2008;111(9):4477-4489.

218. Jeha S, Pui CH. Risk-adapted treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am. 2009;23(5):973-990.

219. Moghrabi A, Levy DE, Asselin B, et al. Results of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocol 95-01 for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2007;109(3):896-904.

220. Prucker C, Attarbaschi A, Peters C, et al. Induction death and treatment-related mortality in first remission of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a population-based analysis of the Austrian Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster study group. Leukemia. 2009;23(7):1264-1269.

221. Teuffel O, Kuster SP, Hunger SP, et al. Dexamethasone versus prednisone for induction therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Leukemia. 2011;25(8):1232-1238.

222. Escherich G, Zimmermann M, Janka-Schaub G, CoALL Study Group. Doxorubicin or daunorubicin given upfront in a therapeutic window are equally effective in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a randomized comparison in trial CoALL 07-03. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(2):254-257.

223. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA News Release. FDA Approves Component of Treatment Regimen for Most Common Childhood Cancer. Available at https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-component-treatment-regimen-most-common-childhood-cancer. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

224. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology Version 1.2018. Fort Washington, PA: National Comprehensive Cancer Network; 2018.

225. Jeha S, Coustan-Smith E, Pei D, et al. Impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on minimal residual disease and outcome in childhood Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer. 2014;120(10):1514-1519.

226. Möricke A, Zimmermann , Reiter A, et al. Long-term results of five consecutive trials in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia performed by the ALL-BFM study group from 1982 to 2000. Leukemia. 2010;24(2):265-284.

227. Matloub Y, Bostrom BC, Hunger SP, et al. Escalating intravenous methotrexate improves event-free survival in children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 2011;118(2):243-251.

228. Larsen EC, Salzer WL, Devidas JB, et al. Comparison of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) with Capizzi methotrexate plus asparaginase (C-MTX/ASNase) in children and young adults with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR-ALL): a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0232. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(Suppl):abstract 3.

229. Asselin BL, Devidas M, Wang C, et al. Effectiveness of high-dose methotrexate in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced-stage lymphoblastic lymphoma: a randomized study by the Children's Oncology Group (POG 9404). Blood. 2011;118(4):874-883.

230. Schultz KR, Bowman WP, Aledo A, et al. Improved early event-free survival with imatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(3):5175-5181.

231. Schultz KR, Carroll A, Heerema NA, et al. Long-term follow-up of imatinib in pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0031. Leukemia. 2014;28(7):1467-1471.

232. Biondi A, Schrappe M, De Lorenzo P, et al. Imatinib after induction for treatment of children and adolescents with Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (EsPhALL): a randomised, open-label, intergroup study. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(9):936-945.

233. Childhood ALL Collaborative Group. Duration and intensity of maintenance chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: overview of 42 trials involving 12,000 randomized children. Lancet. 1996;347(9018):1783-1788.

234. Pui CH, Pei D, Campana D, et al. A revised definition for cure of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2014;28(12):2336-2343.

235. Evans A, Gilbert ES, Zandstra R. The increasing incidence of central nervous system leukemia in children (Children's Cancer Study Group A). Cancer. 1970;26(2):404-409.

236. Gibbs IC, Tuamokumo N, Yock TI. Role of radiation therapy in pediatric cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2006;20(2):455-470.

237. Henze G, von Stackelberg V. Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

238. Ritchey A, Pollock BH, Lauer SJ, Andejeski Y, Buchanan GR. Improved survival of children with isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(12):3745-3752.

239. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA News Release: FDA Approval Brings First Gene Therapy to the United States. Available at https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approval-brings-first-gene-therapy-united-states. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

240. Liu Y, Chen X, Han W, Zhang Y. Tisagenlecleucel, an approved anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for the treatment of leukemia. Drugs Today (Barc). 2017;53(11):597-608.

241. Trigg ME, Steinherz PG, Chappell R, et al. Early testicular biopsy in males with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: lack of impact on subsequent event-free survival. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2000;22(1):27-33.

242. Hahn T, Wall D, Camitta B, et al. The role of cytotoxic therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: an evidence-based review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2005;11(11):823-861.

243. Oliansky DM, Camitta B, Gaynon P, et al. Role of cytotoxic therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: update of the 2005 evidence-based review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012;18(4):505-522.

244. National Cancer Institute. Childhood Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (PDQ). Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-hct-hp-pdq. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

245. Perumbeti A, Sacher RA. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/208954-overview#a13. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

246. Rizzo JD, Wingard JR, Tichelli A, et al. Recommended screening and preventive practices for long-term survivors after hematopoietic cell transplantation: joint recommendations of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, and the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Biol Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006;12(2):138-151.

247. Pulsipher MA, Skinner R, McDonald GB, et al. National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Consortium First International Consensus Conference on late effects after pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: the need for pediatric-specific long-term follow-up guidelines. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012;18(3):334-347.

248. Arceci RJ. Progress and controversies in the treatment of pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol. 2002;9(4): 353-360.

249. National Cancer Institute. Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia/Other Myeloid Malignancies Treatment (PDQ). Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-aml-treatment-pdq. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

250. National Cancer Institute. Intensive Pre-Stem Cell Transplant Regimen May be Best for Younger Patients with AML, MDS. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2017/aml-stem-cell-transplant. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

251. Creutzig U. Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

252. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for CD33-Positive AML in Pediatric Patients. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/fda-approves-gemtuzumab-ozogamicin-cd33-positive-aml-pediatric-patients. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

253. Lexicomp Online. Available at https://online.lexi.com. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

254. Cooper TM, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, et al. AAML0523: A report from the Children's Oncology Group on the efficacy of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine in pediatric patients with recurrent acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer. 2014;120(16):2482-2489.

255. Kassim AA, Savani BN. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: a review. Hematol/Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2017;10(4):245-251.

256. Bleakley M, Lau L, Shaw PJ, Kaufman A. Bone marrow transplantation for paediatric AML in first remission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002;29(10):843-852.

257. Oliansky DM, Rizzo D, Aplan PD, et al. The role of cytotoxic therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the therapy of acute myeloid leukemia in children: an evidence-based review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2007;13(1):1-25.

258. Wang J, Ouyang J, Zhou R, Chen B, Yang Y. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Acta Haematol. 2010;124(2):61-71.

259. Horan JT, Alonzo TA, Lyman GH, et al. Impact of disease risk on efficacy of matched related bone marrow transplantation for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(35):5797-5801.

260. Creutzig U, Reinhardt D. Current controversies: which patients with acute myeloid leukaemia should receive a bone marrow transplantation? A European view. Br J Haematol. 2002;118(2):365-377.

261. Niewerth D, Creutzig U, Bierings MB, et al. A review on allogeneic stem cell transplantation for newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2010;116(13):2205-2214.

262. Rubnitz JE, Inaba H, Leung WH, et al. Definition of cure in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer. 2014;120(16):2490-2496.

263. Trippett T, Chen A. Treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. In: Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, Link MP (eds). Pediatric Lymphomas. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 67-84.

264. Eichenauer DA, Bredenfeld H, Haverkamp H, et al. Hodgkin's lymphoma in adolescents treated with adult protocols: a report from the German Hodgkin study group. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(36):6079-6085.

265. Terezakis SA, Metzger ML, Hodgson DC, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(7):1305-1312.

266. Hudson MM. Late complications after leukemia therapy. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

267. Kelly KM, Sposto R, Hutchinson R, et al. BEACOPP chemotherapy is a highly effective regimen in children and adolescents with high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 2011;117(9):2596-2603.

268. Hodgson DC, Dieckmann K, Terezakis S, et al. Implementation of contemporary radiation therapy planning concepts for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2015;5(2): 85-92.

269. Mauz-Korholz C, Hasenclever D, Dorffel W, et al. Procarbazine-free OEPA-COPDAC chemotherapy in boys and standard OPPA-COPP in girls have comparable effectiveness in pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma: the GPOH-HD-2002 study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(23):3680-3686.

270. Hutchinson RJ, Fryer CJ, Davis PC, et al. MOPP or radiation in addition to ABVD in the treatment of pathologically staged advanced Hodgkin's disease in children: results of the Children's Cancer Group Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(3):897-906.

271. Metzger ML, Weinstein HJ, Hudson MM, et al. Association between radiotherapy vs no radiotherapy based on early response to VAMP chemotherapy and survival among children with favorable-risk Hodgkin lymphoma. JAMA. 2012;307(24):2609-2616.

272. Appel BE, Chen L, Buxton AB, et al. Minimal treatment of low-risk, pediatric lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(20):2372-2379.

273. Ozuah NW, Marcus KJ, LaCasce AS, Billett AL. Excellent outcomes following response-based omission of radiotherapy in children and adolescents with intermediate or high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2018;40(6):e338-e342.

274. Kobrinsky NL, Sposto R, Shah NR, et al. Outcomes of treatment of children and adolescents with recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease with dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin, cytarabine, and L-asparaginase, maintenance chemotherapy, and transplantation: Children's Cancer Group Study CCG-5912. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(9):2390-2396.

275. Kelly KM. Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: improving the therapeutic index. Blood. 2015;126:2452-2458.

276. Friedman DL, Chen L, Wolden S, et al. Dose-intensive response-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy for children and adolescents with newly diagnosed intermediate-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study AHOD0031. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(32):3651-3658.

277. Dharmarajan KV, Friedman DL, Schwartz CL, et al. Patterns of relapse from a phase 3 study of response-based therapy for intermediate-risk Hodgkin lymphoma (AHOD0031): a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;92(1):60-66.

278. Tebbi CK, Mendenhall NP, London WB, et al. Response-dependent and reduced treatment in lower risk Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents, results of P9426: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(7): 1259-1265.

279. Keller FG, Nachman J, Constine L, et al. A phase III study for the treatment of children and adolescents with newly diagnosed low risk Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Blood. 2010;116:767.

280. Schwartz CL, Constine LS, Villaluna D, et al. A risk-adapted, response-based approach using ABVE-PC for children and adolescents with intermediate- and high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: the results of P9425. Blood. 2009;114(10):2051-2059.

281. Cole PD, McCarten KM, Pei Q, et al. Brentuximab vedotin with gemcitabine for paediatric and young adults patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (AHOD1221): a Children's Oncology Group, multicentre single-arm, phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(9):1229-1238.

282. Davis KL, Fox E, Merchant MS, et al. Nivolumab in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory solid tumours of lymphoma (ADVL1412): a multicentre,open-label, single-arm, phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(4):541-550.

283. Geoerger B, Kang HJ, Yalon-Oren M, et al. Pembrolizumab in paediatric patients with advanced melanoma or a PD-L1-positive, advanced, relapsed, or refractory solid tumour or lymphoma (KEYNOTE-051): interim analysis of an open-label, single-arm, phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(1):121-133.

284. National Cancer Institute. Childhood Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (PDQ) – Health Professional Version. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-hct-hp-pdq. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

285. Rathore N, Eissa HM, Margolin JF, et al. Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: are we over-scanning our patients? Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2012;29(5):415-423.

286. Müller J, Csóka M, Jakab Z, Ponyi A, Erlaky H, Kovács G. Treatment of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Hungary: 15 years' experience with NHL-BFM 90 and 95 protocols. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;50(3):633-635.

287. Burkhardt B, Oschlies I, Klapper W, et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adolescents: experiences in 378 adolescent NHL patients treated according to pediatric NHL-BFM protocols. Leukemia. 2011;25(1):153-160.

288. Attarbaschi A, Dworzak M, Steiner M, et al. Outcome of children with primary resistant or relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mature B-cell leukemia after intensive first-line treatment: a population-based analysis of the Austrian Cooperative Study Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;44(1):70-76.

289. Burkhardt B, Reiter A, Landmann E, et al. Poor outcome for children and adolescents with progressive disease or relapse of lymphoblastic lymphoma: a report from the Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster Group. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(20):3363-3369.

290. Knörr F, Brugières L, Pillon M, et al. Stem cell transplantation and vinblastine monotherapy for relapsed pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma: results of the International, Prospective ALCL-Relapse trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(34):3999-4009.

291. Woessmann W, Seidemann K, Mann G, et al. The impact of the methotrexate administration schedule and dose in the treatment of children and adolescents with B-cell neoplasms: a report of the BFM Group Study NHL-BFM95. Blood. 2005;105(3):948-958.

292. Gerrard M, Cairo MS, Weston C, et al. Excellent survival following two courses of COPAD chemotherapy in children and adolescents with resected localized B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of the FAB/LMB 96 international study. Br J Haematol. 2008;141(6):840-847.

293. Meinhardt A, Burkhardt B, Zimmermann M, et al. Phase II window study on rituximab in newly diagnosed pediatric mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Burkitt leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(19):3115-3121.

294. Barth MJ, Goldman S, Smith L, et al. Rituximab pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents with de novo intermediate and advanced mature B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia: a Children's Oncology Group report. Br J Haematol. 2013;162(5):678-683.

295. Goldman S, Smith L, Anderson JR, et al. Rituximab and FAB/LMB 96 chemotherapy in children with stage III/IV B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a Children's Oncology Group report. Leukemia. 2013;27(5):1174-1177.

296. Cairo MS, Gerrard M, Sposto R, et al. Results of a randomized international study of high-risk central nervous system B non-Hodgkin lymphoma and B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents. Blood. 2007;109(7):2736-2743.

297. Patte C, Auperin A, Gerrard M, et al. Results of the randomized international FAB/LMB96 trial for intermediate risk B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: it is possible to reduce treatment for the early responding patients. Blood. 2007;109(7):2773-2780.

298. Grenzebach J, Schrappe M, Ludwig WD, et al. Favorable outcome for children and adolescents with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with an intensive ALL-type therapy without local radiotherapy. Ann Hematol. 2001;80(Suppl 3):B73-B76.

299. Reiter A, Schrappe M, Ludwig WD, et al. Intensive ALL-type therapy without local radiotherapy provides a 90% event-free survival for children with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: a BFM group report. Blood. 2000;95(2):416-421.

300. Anderson JR, Jenkin RD, Wilson JF, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients treated with COMP or LSA2L2 therapy for childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report of CCG-551 from the Children's Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(6):1024-1032.

301. Burkhardt B, Woessmann W, Zimmermann M, et al. Impact of cranial radiotherapy on central nervous system prophylaxis in children and adolescents with central nervous system-negative stage III or IV lymphoblastic lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(3):491-499.

302. Termuhlen AM, Smith LM, Perkins SL, et al. Disseminated lymphoblastic lymphoma in children and adolescents: results of the COG A5971 trial: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Br J Haematol. 2013;162(6):792-801.

303. Termuhlen AM, Smith LM, Perkins SL, et al. Outcome of newly diagnosed children and adolescents with localized lymphoblastic lymphoma treated on Children's Oncology Group trial A5971: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(7):1229-1233.

304. Williams D, Mori T, Reiter A, et al. Central nervous system involvement in anaplastic large cell lymphoma in childhood: results from a multicentre European and Japanese study. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(10):E118-E121.

305. Link MP, Shuster JJ, Donaldson SS, et al. Treatment of children and young adults with early-stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.N Engl J Med. 1997;337(18):1259-1266.

306. Sandlund JT, Pui CH, Zhou Y, Behm FG, et al. Effective treatment of advanced-stage childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma without prophylactic cranial irradiation: results of St Jude NHL13 study. Leukemia. 2009;23(6):1127-1130.

307. Bluhm EC, Ronckers C, Hayashi RJ, et al. Cause-specific mortality and second cancer incidence after non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Blood. 2008;111(8):4014-4021.

308. Sandlund J, Bowman L, Heslop HE, et al. Intensive chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell support for children with recurrent or refractory NHL. Cytotherapy. 2002;4(3):253-258.

309. Attias D, Weitzman S. The efficacy of rituximab in high-grade pediatric B-cell lymphoma/leukemia: a review of available evidence. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2008;20(1):17-22.

310. Griffin TC, Weitzman S, Weinstein H, et al. A study of rituximab and ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy in children with recurrent/refractory B-cell (CD20+) non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009;52(2):177-181.

311. Woessmann W, Zimmermann M, Lenhard M, et al. Relapsed or refractory anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in children and adolescents after Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster (BFM)-type first-line therapy: a BFM-group study. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(22):3065-3071.

312. Eissa HM, Allen CE, Kamdar K, et al. Pediatric Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse B-cell lymphoma: are surveillance scans required? Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;31(3):253-257.

313. Heath JA. Monitoring after childhood cancer: an update for GPs. Aust Fam Phys. 2005;34(9):761-767.

314. Golden E, Beach B, Hastings C. The pediatrician and medical care of the child with cancer. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002;49:1319-1338.

315. Hakim H, Flynn PM. Infectious disease complications in leukemia. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012: 805-828.

316. Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(4):e56-e93.

317. Lehrnbecher T, Robinson P, Fisher B, et al. Guideline for the management of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation recipients: 2017 update. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(18):2082-2094.

318. Shankar SM, Nania JJ. Management of Pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia in children receiving chemotherapy. Paediatr Drugs. 2007;9(5):301-309.

319. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fungal Diseases: Pneumocystic pneumonia. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/pneumocystis-pneumonia/index.html. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

320. Pizzo P, Rubin M, Freifeld A, Walsh TJ. The child with cancer and infection. II. Nonbacterial infection. J Pediatr. 1991;119(6):845-849.

321. Lindemulder S, Albano E. Successful intermittent prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 2 days per week for Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) pneumonia in pediatric oncology patients. Pediatrics. 2007;120(1):e47-e51.

322. Gaftner-Gvili A, Fraser A, Paul M, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;1:CD004386.

323. Mulne AF, Koepke JC. Adverse effects of cancer therapy in children. Pediatr Rev. 1985;6(9):259-268.

324. Pizzo P. Management of fever in patients with cancer and treatment-induced neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(18):1323-1332.

325. Laoprasopwattana K, Khwanna T, Suwankeeree P, Suijanunt T, Tunyapanit W, Chelae S. Ciprofloxacin reduces occurrence of fever in children with acute leukemia who develop neutropenia during chemotherapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(3):e94-e98.

326. Navid F, Santana VM. Hematologic supportive care. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

327. La Quaglia M, Lucas A, Thaler HT, Friedlander-Klar H, Exelby PR, Groeger JS. A prospective analysis of vascular access device-related infections in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1992;27(7):840-842.

328. Flynn P. Vascular access device infections. In: Patrick CC (ed). Clinical Management of Infections in Immunocompromised Infants and Children. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2001: 212-223.

329. Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007;116:1736-1754.

330. Wittman B, Horan J, Lyman GH. Prophylactic colony-stimulating factors in children receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Treat Rev. 2006;32(4):289-303.

331. Smith TJ, Bohlke K, Lyman GH, et al. Recommendations for the use of WBC growth factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(28):3199-3212.

332. Sung L, Nathan PC, Lange B, Beyene J, Buchanan GR. Prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor decrease febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy in children with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(16):3350-3356.

333. Heath J, Steinherz PG, Altman A, et al. Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Cancer Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(8):1612-1617.

334. Relling M, Boyett JM, Blanco JG, et al. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and the risk of secondary myeloid malignancy after etoposide treatment. Blood. 2003;101(10):3862-3867.

335. André N, Kababri ME, Bertrand P, et al. Safety and efficacy of pegfilgrastim in children with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Anticancer Drugs. 2007;18(3):277-281.

336. Razzouk BI, Hord JD, Hockenberry M, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quality of life, hematologic end points, and safety of weekly epoetin alfa in children with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(22): 3583-3589.

337. Howard SC, Ribeiro RC, Pui CH. Acute complications. In: Pui CH (ed). Childhood Leukemias. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2012.

338. Journeycake JM, Buchanan GR. Catheter-related deep venous thrombosis and other catheter complications in children with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(28):4575-4580.

339. Choi M, Massicotte M, Marzinotto, Chan AK, Holmes JL, Andrew M. The use of alteplase to restore patency of central venous lines in pediatric patients: a cohort study. J Pediatr. 2001;139(1):152-156.

340. Revel-Vilk S, Yacobovich J, Tamary H, et al. Risk factors for central venous catheter thrombotic complications in children and adolescents with cancer. Cancer. 2010;116(17):4197-4205.

341. Himelstein BP, Hilden JM, Boldt AM, Weissman D. Pediatric palliative care. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(17):1752-1762.

342. Harris M. Palliative care in children with cancer: which child and when? J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2004;(32):144-149.

343. Field MJ, Behrman RE (eds). When Children Die: Improving Palliative and End-of-Life Care for Children and Their Families. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003.

344. American Academy of Pediatrics. Palliative care for children. Pediatrics. 2000;106(2):351-357.

345. Wiener L, McConnell DG, Latella L, Ludi E. Cultural and religious considerations in pediatric palliative care. Palliat Support Care. 2013;11(1):47-67.

346. Jones BL, Contro N, Koch KD. The duty of the physician to care for the family in pediatric palliative care: context, communication, and caring. Pediatrics. 2014;133:S8-S15.

347. Committee on Hospital Care and Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care. Patient- and family-centered care and the pediatrician's role. Pediatrics. 2012;129(2):394-404.

348. Johnson LM, DeLario M, Baker JN, Kane JR. Palliative care in pediatrics. In: Berger AM, Shuster JL Jr, Von Roenn JH (eds). Principles & Practice of Palliative Care & Supportive Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.

349. Meert K, Briller S, Myers S, Thurston C, Kabel A. Examining the needs of bereaved parents in the PICU: a qualitative study.Death Stud. 2009;33(8):712-740.

350. Longden JV. Parental perceptions of end-of-life care on paediatric intensive care units: a literature review. Nurs Crit Care. 2011;16(3):131-139.

351. Meyer E, Ritholz M, Burns J, Truog R. Improving the quality of end-of-life care in the PICU: parent priorities and recommendations. Pediatrics. 2006;117(3):649-657.

352. Stevenson M, Achille M, Lugasi T. Pediatric palliative care in Canada and the United States: a qualitative metasummary of the needs of patients and families. J Palliat Med. 2013;16(5):566-577.

353. Goldman A, Hewitt M, Collins GS, Childs M, Hain R, for the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group/Paediatric Oncology Nurses' Forum Palliative Care Working G. Symptoms in children/young people with progressive malignant disease: United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group/Paediatric Oncology Nurses Forum Survey. Pediatrics. 2006;117(6):e1179-e1186.

354. Hockenberry M. Symptom management research in children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2004;21(3):132-136.

355. Kestler SA, LoBiondo-Wood G. Review of symptom experiences in children and adolescents with cancer. Cancer Nurs. 2012;35(2):E31-E49.

356. Williams PD, Williams AR, Kelly KP, et al. A symptom checklist for children with cancer: the Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist—Children. Cancer Nurs. 2012;35(2):89-98.

357. Collins JJ, Byrnes ME, Dunkel IJ, et al. The measurement of symptoms in children with cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000;19(5):363-377.

358. Collins J, Devine TD, Dick GS, et al. The measurement of symptoms in young children with cancer: the validation of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale in children aged 7–12. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;23(1):10-16.

359. Buchholz M, Karl HW, Pomietto M, Lynn A. Pain scores in infants: a modified infant pain scale versus visual analogue. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1998;15(2):117-124.

360. McGrath P, Seifert CE, Speechley KN, Booth JC, Stitt L, Gibson MC. A new analogue scale for assessing children's pain: an initial validation study. Pain. 1996;64(3):435-443.

361. McGrath P, Rosmus C, Canfield C, Campbell MA, Hennigar A. Behaviours caregivers use to determine pain in nonverbal, cognitively impaired children. Develop Med Child Neurol. 1998;40(5):340-343.

362. Chambers C, Reid GJ, McGrath PJ, Finley GA. Development and preliminary validation of a postoperative pain measure for parents. Pain. 1996;68(2-3):307-313.

363. Savedra M, Holzemer WL, Tesler MD, Wilkie DJ. Assessment of postoperation pain in children and adolescents using the adolescent pediatric pain tool. Nurs Res. 1993;42(1):5-9.

364. Wong D, Baker C. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. Pediat Nurs. 1988;14(1):9-17.

365. Beyer JE, Villarruel AM, Denyes MJ. The Oucher: A User's Manual and Technical Report. Evanston, IL: Hospital Play Equipment; 2009.

366. Choinière M, Amsel R. A visual analogue thermometer for measuring pain intensity. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1996;11(5):299-311.

367. Krechel SW, Bildner J. CRIES: a new neonatal postoperative pain measurement score: initial testing of validity and reliability. Paediatr Anaesth. 1995;5(1):53-61.

368. Lawrence J, Alcock D, McGrath P, Kay J, MacMurray SB, Dulberg C. The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain. Neonatal Netw. 1993;12(6):59-66.

369. Newman CJ, Lolekha R, Limkittikul K, Luangxay K, Chotpitayasunondh T, Chanthavanich P. A comparison of pain scales in Thai children. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90(3):269-270.

370. Luffy R, Grove SK. Examining the validity, reliability, and preference of three pediatric pain measurement tools in African-American children. Pediatr Nurs. 2003;29(1):54-59.

371. Yeh C. Development and validation of the Asian version of the Oucher: a pain intensity scale for children. J Pain. 2005;6(8):526-534.

372. Beyer J, Knott CB. Construct validity estimation for the African-American and Hispanic versions of the Oucher Scale. J Pediatr Nurs. 1998;13(1):20-31.

373. World Health Organization. Cancer Pain Relief and Palliative Care in Children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998.

374. Monteiro Caran EM, Dias CG, Seber A, Petrilli AS. Clinical aspects and treatment of pain in children and adolescents with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;45(7):925-932.

375. Zernikow B, Smale H, Michel E, Hasan C, Jorch N, Andler W. Paediatric cancer pain management using the WHO analgesic ladder—results of a prospective analysis from 2265 treatment days during a quality improvement study. Eur J Pain. 2006;10(7):587-595.

376. Friedrichsdorf SJ, Postier A. Management of breakthrough pain in children with cancer. J Pain Res. 2014;7:117-123.

377. Friedrichsdorf S, Finney D, Bergin M, Stevens M, Collins JJ. Breakthrough pain in children with cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007;34(2):209-216.

378. Hockenberry M, Hinds PS, Barrera P, et al. Three instruments to assess fatigue in children with cancer: the child, parent and staff perspectives. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25(4):319-328.

379. Crichton A, Knight S, Oakley E, Babl FE, Anderson V. Fatigue in child chronic health conditions: a systematic review of assessment instruments. Pediatrics. 2015;135(4):e1015-e1031.

380. Perdikaris P, Merkouris A, Patiraki E, Tsoumakas K, Vasilatou-Kosmidis E, Matziou V. Evaluating cancer related fatigue during treatment according to children's, adoelscents' and parents' perspectives in a sample of Greek young patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2009;13(5):399-408.

381. Nunes MDR, Jacob E, Bomfim EO, et al. Fatigue and health related quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017;29:39-46.

382. Santucci G, Mack JW. Common gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric palliative care: nausea, vomiting, constipation, anorexia, cachexia. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54(5):673-689.

383. Cheng KK, Chang AM, Yuen MP. Prevention of oral mucositis in paediatric patients treated with chemotherapy; a randomised crossover trial comparing two protocols of oral care. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40(8):1208-1216.

384. Nashwan AJ. Use of chlorhexidine mouthwash in children receiving chemotherapy: a review of literature. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2011;28(5):295-299.

385. Feudtner C, Silveira MJ, Christakis DA. Where do children with complex chronic conditions die? Patterns in Washington state, 1980–1998. Pediatrics. 2002;109(4):656-660.

386. Feudtner C, Feinstein JA, Satchell M, Zhao H, Kang TI. Shifting place of death among children with complex chronic conditions in the United States, 1989–2003. JAMA. 2007;297(24):2725-2732.

387. Kassam A, Skiadaresis J, Alexander S, Wolfe J. Parent and clinician preferences for location of end-of-life care: home, hospital or freestanding hospice? Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(5):859-864.

388. Widger K, Davies D, Drouin DJ, et al. Pediatric patients receiving palliative care in Canada: results of a multicenter review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(6):597-602.

389. Field M, Cassel CK, (eds). Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.

390. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Bioethics and Committee on Hospital Care. Palliative care for children. Pediatrics. 2000;106(2 Pt 1):351-357.

391. Johnson LM, Snaman JM, Cupit MC, Baker JN. End-of-life care for hospitalized children. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2014;61(4):835-854.

392. Baker JN, Barfield R, Hinds PS, Kane JR. A process to facilitate decision making in pediatric stem cell transplantation: the individualized care planning and coordination model. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2007;13(3):245-254.

393. Harper J, Hinds PS, Baker JN, Hicks J, Spunt SL, Razzouk BI. Creating a palliative and end-of-life program in a cure-oriented pediatric setting: the zig-zag method. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2007;24(5):246-254.

394. Levine DR, Johnson LM, Snyder A, et al. Integrating palliative care in pediatric oncology: an evolving paradigm for comprehensive cancer care. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2016;14(6):741-748.

395. Smith TJ, Temin S, Alesi ER, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: the integration of palliative care into standard oncology care. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(8):880-887.

396. Bauman J, Temel J. The integration of early palliative care with oncology care: the time has come for a new tradition. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014;12(12):1763-1771.

397. Johnston D, Vadeboncoeur C. Palliative care consultation in pediatric oncology. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20:799-803.

398. Wentlandt K, Krzyanowska MK, Swami N, et al. Referral practices of pediatric oncologists to specialized palliative care. Support Care Cancer. 2014;22(9):2315-2322.

399. Thienprayoon R, Lee SC, Leonard D, Winick N. Racial and ethnic differences in hospice enrollment among children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(10):1662-1668.

400. Wolfe J, Grier HE, Klar N, et al. Symptoms and suffering at the end of life in children with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(5):326-333.

401. Fowler K, Poehling K, Billheimer D, et al. Hospice referral practices for children with cancer: a survey of pediatric oncologists.J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(7):1099-1104.

402. Johnston DL, Nagel K, Friedman DL, Meza JL, Hurwitz CA, Friebert S. Availability and use of palliative care and end-of-life services for pediatric oncology patients. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(28):4646-4650.

403. Collins JJ. Palliative care and the child with cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2002;16(3):657-670.

404. Levine D, Lam CG, Cunningham MJ, et al. Best practices for pediatric palliative cancer care: a primer for clinical providers.J Support Oncol. 2013;11(3):114-125.

405. Jones BL, Sampson M, Greathouse J, Legett S, Higgerson RA, Christie L. Comfort and confidence levels of health care professionals providing pediatric palliative care in the intensive care unit. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2007;3(3):39-58.

406. Rapoport A, Obwanga C, Sirianni G, Librach SL, Husain A. Not just little adults: palliative care physician attitudes toward pediatric patients. J Palliat Med. 2013;16(6):675-679.

407. Foley KM, Gelband H (eds). Improving Palliative Care for Cancer. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001.

408. Hilden JM, Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, et al. Attitudes and practices among pediatric oncologists regarding end-of-life care: results of the 1998 American Society of Clinical Oncology survey. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(1):205-212.

409. Wolfe J, Klar N, Grier HE, et al. Understanding of prognosis among parents of children who died of cancer: impact on treatment goals and integration of palliative care. JAMA. 2000;284(19):2469-2475.

410. Van Cleve L, Muñoz CE, Savedra M, et al. Symptoms in children with advanced cancer: child and nurse reports. Cancer Nurs. 2012;35(2):115-125.

411. Fulton R, Moore CM. Spiritual care of the school-age child with a chronic condition. J Pediatr Nurs. 1995;10(4):224-231.

412. Feudtner C, Haney J, Dimmers MA. Spiritual care needs of hospitalized children and their families: a national survey of pastoral care providers' perceptions. Pediatrics. 2003;111(1):e67-e72.

413. Himelstein BP. Palliative care in pediatrics. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2005;23(4):837-856.

414. van der Geest IM, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, van Vliet LM, et al. Talking about death with children with incurable cancer: perspectives from parents. J Pediatr. 2015;17(6):1320-1326.

415. Cochran D, Saleem S, Khowaja-Punjwani S, Lantos JD. Cross-cultural differences in communication about a dying child.Pediatrics. 2017;140(5):e20170690.

416. Davies B, Collins J, Steele R, Cook K, Distler V, Brenner A. Parents' and children's perspectives of a children's hospice bereavement program. J Palliat Care. 2007;23(1):14-23.

417. Davies R. New understandings of parental grief: literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2004;46(5):506-513.

418. Knapp CA, Contro N. Family support services in pediatric palliative care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2009;26(6):476-482.

419. Contro N, Sourkes BM. Opportunities for quality improvement in bereavement care at a children's hospital: assessment of interdisciplinary staff perspectives. J Palliat Care. 2012;28(1):28-35.

420. Contro NA, Larson J, Scofield S, Sourkes B, Cohen HJ. Hospital staff and family perspectives regarding quality of pediatric palliative care. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):1248-1252.

421. Spinetta JJ, Jankovic M, Eden T, et al. Guidelines for assistance to siblings of children with cancer: report of the SIOP Working Committee on Psychosocial Issues in Pediatric Oncology. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999;33(4):395-398.

422. Alderfer MA, Long KA, Lown EA, et al. Psychosocial adjustment of siblings of children with cancer: a systematic review. Psychooncology. 2010;19(8):789-805.

423. Steele AC, Kaal J, Thompson AL, et al. Bereaved parents and siblings offer advice to health care providers and researchers.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2013;35(4):253-259.

424. Jones BL. The challenge of quality care for family caregivers in pediatric cancer care. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2012;28(4):213-220.

425. Jones B, Levetown M, Hellsten M. Pediatric care: transitioning goals of care in the emergency department, intensive care unit, and in between. In: Ferrell BR, Coyle N, Paice J (eds). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing. 4th ed. Oxford University Press; Oxford, NY: 2015: 873-893.

426. Lindstrøm TC. "It ain't necessarily so…" Challenging mainstream thinking about bereavement. Fam Community Health. 2002;25(1):11-21.

427. Papadatou D. Training health professionals in caring for dying children and grieving families. Death Stud. 1997;21(6):575-600.

428. Meert KL, Thurston CS, Briller SH. The spiritual needs of parents at the time of their child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit and during bereavement: a qualitative study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005;6(4):420-427.

429. Riches G, Dawson P. Lost children, living memories: the role of photographs in processes of grief and adjustment among bereaved parent. Death Stud. 1998;22(2):121-140.

430. Meert KL, Thurston CS, Thomas R. Parental coping and bereavement outcome after the death of a child in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2001;2(4):324-328.

431. Macdonald ME, Liben S, Carnevale FA, et al. Parental perspectives on hospital staff members' acts of kindness and commemoration after a child's death. Pediatrics. 2005;116(4):884-890.

432. Baider L. Cancer and the family: a journey to the unknown. In: Perry MC (ed). ASCO 2006 Educational Book. Alexandria, VA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2006: 160-163.

433. Mooney-Doyle K, Dos Santos MR, Szylit R, Deatrick JA. Parental expectations of support from healthcare providers during pediatric life-threatening illness: a secondary, qualitative analysis. J Pediatr Nurs. 2017;36:163-172.

434. Lerwick JL, Minimizing pediatric healthcare-induced anxiety and trauma. World J Clin Pediatr. 2016;5(2):143-150.

435. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. 15th ed. Berlin: Springer; 2011.

436. Skinner EA, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. The development of coping. Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:119-144.

437. Pastore G, Mosso ML, Magnani C, Luzzatto L, Bianchi M, Terracini B. Physical impairment and social life goals among adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a population-based study from the childhood cancer registry of Piedmont, Italy. Tumori. 2001;87(6):372-378.

438. Eiser C, Hill JJ, Vance YH. Examining the psychological consequences of surviving childhood cancer: systematic review as a research method in pediatric psychology. J Pediatr Psychol. 2000;25(6):449-460.

439. Zebrack BJ, Zeltzer LK, Whitton J, et al. Psychological outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Pediatrics. 2002;110(1 Pt 1):42-52.

440. Schwartz L, Drotar D. Posttraumatic stress and related impairment in survivors of childhood cancer in early adulthood compared to healthy peers. J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31(4):356-366.

441. Smitherman AB, Mohabir D, Wilkins TM, Blatt J, Nichols HB, Dusetzina SB. Early post-therapy prescription drug usage among childhood and adolescent cancer survivors. J Pediatr. 2018;195:161-168.

442. Peterson L. Coping by children undergoing stressful medical procedures: some conceptual, methodological, and therapeutic issues.J Consult Clin Psychol. 1989;57(3):380-387.

443. Langston H. The Child with Cancer: Family-Centered Care in Practice. New York, NY: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2000.

444. Giammona AJ, Malek DM. The psychological effect of childhood cancer on families. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002;49(5):1063-1081.

445. Erikson EH. Children and Society. 2nd ed. New York: WW Norton & Co.; 1963.

446. UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland. Services: Child Life. Available at https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/services/child-life. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

447. Stam H, Grootenhuis MA, Brons PP, Caron HN, Last BF. Health-related quality of life in children and emotional reactions of parents following completion of cancer treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006;47(3):312-319.

448. Landier W. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: current perspectives. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001;28(5):823-833; quiz 834-825.

449. Dowling JS, Hockenberry M, Gregory RL. Sense of humor, childhood cancer stressors, and outcomes of psychosocial adjustment, immune function, and infection. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2003;20(6):271-292.

450. Stam H, Grootenhuis MA, Caron HN, Last BF. Quality of life and current coping in young adult survivors of childhood cancer: positive expectations about the further course of the disease were correlated with better quality of life. Psychooncology. 2006;15(1):31-43.

451. Barrera M, Shaw AK, Speechley KN, Maunsell E, Pogany L. Educational and social late effects of childhood cancer and related clinical, personal, and familial characteristics. Cancer. 2005;104(8):1751-1760.

452. Andersen KK, Duun-Henriksen AK, Frederiksen MH, Winther JF. Ninth grade school performance in Danish childhood cancer survivors. Br J Cancer. 2017;116(3):398-404.

453. Ghaderi S, Engeland A, Gunnes MW, et al. Educational attainment among long-term survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence: a Norwegian population-based cohort study. J Cancer Surviv. 2016;10(1):87-95.

454. Patenaude AF, Kupst MJ. Psychosocial functioning in pediatric cancer. J Pediatr Psychol. 2005;30(1):9-27.

455. Barakat LP, Alderfer MA, Kazak AE. Posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of cancer and their mothers and fathers.J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31(4):413-419.

456. Gagnon J, Bouchard F, Landry M, Belles-Isles M, Fortier M, Fillion L. Implementing a hospital-based animal therapy program for children with cancer: a descriptive study. Can Oncol Nurs J. 2004;14(4):217-222.

457. Hedstrom M, Haglund K, Skolin I, von Essen L. Distressing events for children and adolescents with cancer: child, parent, and nurse perceptions. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2003;20(3):120-132.

458. Leleszi JP, Lewandowski JG. Interfacing pediatric psychiatry and pediatric palliative care. Paper presented at: 48th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry; 2001.

459. Cohen SO, Walco GA. Dance/Movement therapy for children and adolescents with cancer. Cancer Pract. 1999;7(1):34-42.

460. Devlin B. The art of healing and knowing in cancer and palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2006;12(1):16-19.

461. Mechtel M, Stoeckle A. psychosocial care of the pediatric oncology patient undergoing surgical treatment. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2017;33(1):87-97.

462. Enskar K, Carlsson M, Golsater M, Hamrin E. Symptom distress and life situation in adolescents with cancer. Cancer Nurs. 1997;20(1):23-33.

463. Weekes DP, Kagan S. Adolescents completing cancer therapy: meaning, perception, and coping. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1994;21(4):663-670.

464. Compas BE, Desjardins L, Vannatta K, et al. Children and adolescents coping with cancer: self- and parent reports of coping and anxiety/depression. Health Psychol. 2014;33(8):853-861.

465. Viola A, Taggi-Pinto A, Sahler OJZ, Alderfer MA, Devine KA. Problem-solving skills, parent-adolescent communication, dyadic functioning, and distress among adolescents with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65(5):e26951.

466. Janin MWH, Ellis SJ, Wakefield CE, Fardell JE. Talking about cancer among adolescent and young adult cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2018;7(5):515-524.

467. Stam H, Hartman EE, Deurloo JA, Groothoff J, Grootenhuis MA. Young adult patients with a history of pediatric disease: impact on course of life and transition into adulthood. J Adolesc Health. 2006;39(1):4-13.

468. Phipps S, Jurbergs N, Long A. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress in children with cancer: does personality trump health status? Psychooncology. 2009;18(9):992-1002.

469. Tillery R, Howard Sharp KM, Okado Y, Long A, Phipps S. Profiles of resilience and growth in youth with cancer and healthy comparisons. J Pediatr Psychol. 2016;41(3):290-297.

470. Kato PM, Cole SW, Bradlyn AS, Pollock BH. A video game improves behavioral outcomes in adolescents and young adults with cancer: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2008;122(2):e305-e317.

471. Burgess ES, Haaga DAF. Appraisals, coping responses, and attributions as predictors of individual differences in negative emotions among pediatric cancer patients. Cogn Ther Res. 1998;22(5):457-473.

472. Trask PC, Paterson AG, Trask CL, Bares CB, Birt J, Maan C. Parent and adolescent adjustment to pediatric cancer: associations with coping, social support, and family function. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2003;20(1):36-47.

473. Tobin DL, Holroyd KA, Reynolds RV, Wigal JK. The hierarchical factor structure of the coping strategies inventory. Cogn Ther Res. 1989;13(4):343-361.

474. Hockenberry-Eaton M, Manteuffel B, Bottomley S. Development of two instruments examining stress and adjustment in children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 1997;14(3):178-185.

475. Katz ER, Varni JW. Social support and social cognitive problem-solving in children with newly diagnosed cancer. Cancer. 1993;71(10 Suppl):3314-3319.

476. Neville K. The relationships among uncertainty, social support, and psychological distress in adolescents recently diagnosed with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 1998;15(1):37-46.

477. Ritchie MA. Sources of emotional support for adolescents with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2001;18(3):105-110.

478. Levin Newby W, Brown RT, Pawletko TM, Gold SH, Whitt JK. Social skills and psychological adjustment of child and adolescent cancer survivors. Psychooncology. 2000;9(2):113-126.

479. Ranmal R, Prictor M, Scott JT. Interventions for improving communications with children and adolescents about their cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD002969.

480. National Children's Cancer Society. The Mountain You Have Climbed. A Parent's Guide to Childhood Cancer Survivorship. St. Louis, MO: National Children's Cancer Society; 2006.

481. Pai AL, Drotar D, Zebracki K, Moore M, Youngstrom E. A meta-analysis of the effects of psychological interventions in pediatric oncology on outcomes of psychological distress and adjustment. J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31(9):978-988.

482. Peikert ML, Inhestern L, Bergelt C. Psychosocial interventions for rehabilitation and reintegration into daily life of pediatric cancer survivors and their families: a systematic review. PloS One. 2018;13(4):e0196151.

483. Suzuki LK, Kato PM. Psychosocial support for patients in pediatric oncology: the influences of parents, schools, peers, and technology. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2003;20(4):159-174.

484. Goldbeck L. Parental coping with the diagnosis of childhood cancer: gender effects, dissimilarity within couples, and quality of life. Psychooncology. 2001;10(4):325-335.

485. Spinetta JJ, Masera G, Jankovic M, et al. Valid informed consent and participative decision-making in children with cancer and their parents: a report of the SIOP Working Committee on psychosocial issues in pediatric oncology. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003;40(4):244-246.

486. Frank NC, Blount RL, Brown RT. Attributions, coping, and adjustment in children with cancer. J Pediatr Psychol. 1997;22(4):563-576.

487. Sanger MS, Copeland DR, Davidson ER. Psychosocial adjustment among pediatric cancer patients: a multidimensional assessment. J Pediatr Psychol. 1991;16(4):463-474.

488. Prchal A, Landolt MA. How siblings of pediatric cancer patients experience the first time after diagnosis: a qualitative study. Cancer Nurs. 2012;35(2):133-140.

489. Zeltzer LK, Dolgin MJ, Sahler OJ, et al. Sibling adaptation to childhood cancer collaborative study: health outcomes of siblings of children with cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1996;27(2):98-107.

490. Van Dongen-Melman JE, De Groot A, Hahlen K, Verhulst FC. Siblings of childhood cancer survivors: how does this "forgotten" group of children adjust after cessation of successful cancer treatment? Eur J Cancer. 1995;31A(13-14):2277-2283.

491. Sharpe D, Rossiter L. Siblings of children with a chronic illness: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr Psychol. 2002;27(8):699-710.

492. Labay LE, Walco GA. Brief report: empathy and psychological adjustment in siblings of children with cancer. J Pediatr Psychol. 2004;29(4):309-314.

493. Murray JS. Attachment theory and adjustment difficulties in siblings of children with cancer. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2000;21(2):149-169.

494. Sargent JR, Sahler OJ, Roghmann KJ, et al. Sibling adaptation to childhood cancer collaborative study: siblings' perceptions of the cancer experience. J Pediatr Psychol. 1995;20(2):151-164.

495. Kazak AE, Simms S, Barakat L, et al. Surviving cancer competently intervention program (SCCIP): a cognitive-behavioral and family therapy intervention for adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their families. Fam Process. 1999;38(2):175-191.

496. Alderfer MA, Labay LE, Kazak AE. Brief report: does posttraumatic stress apply to siblings of childhood cancer survivors? J Pediatr Psychol. 2003;28(4):281-286.

497. Lövgren M, Bylund-Grenklo T, Jalmsell L, Wallin AE, Kreicbergs U. Bereaved siblings' advice to health care professionals working with children with cancer and their families. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2016;33(4):297-305.

498. Cohen DS, Friedrich WN, Jaworski TM, Copeland D, Pendergrass T. Pediatric cancer: predicting sibling adjustment. J Clin Psychol. 1994;50(3):303-319.

499. Sloper P. Experiences and support needs of siblings of children with cancer. Health Soc Care Community. 2000;8(5):298-306.

500. Murray JS. A qualitative exploration of psychosocial support for siblings of children with cancer. J Pediatr Nurs. 2002;17(5):327-337.

501. Woodgate RL. Siblings' experiences with childhood cancer: a different way of being in the family. Cancer Nurs. 2006;29(5):406-414.

502. Wilkins KL, Woodgate RL. A review of qualitative research on the childhood cancer experience from the perspective of siblings: a need to give them a voice. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2005;22(6):305-319.

503. Ballard KL. Meeting the needs of siblings of children with cancer. Pediatr Nurs. 2004;30(5):394-401.

504. Hoekstra-Weebers JE, Jaspers JP, Kamps WA, Klip EC. Gender differences in psychological adaptation and coping in parents of pediatric cancer patients. Psychooncology. 1998;7(1):26-36.

505. Dahlquist LM, Czyzewski DI, Jones CL. Parents of children with cancer: a longitudinal study of emotional distress, coping style, and marital adjustment two and twenty months after diagnosis. J Pediatr Psychol. 1996;21(4):541-554.

506. Kupst MJ, Natta MB, Richardson CC, Schulman JL, Lavigne JV, Das L. Family coping with pediatric leukemia: ten years after treatment. J Pediatr Psychol. 1995;20(5):601-617.

507. Kazak AE, Alderfer M, Rourke MT, Simms S, Streisand R, Grossman JR. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in families of adolescent childhood cancer survivors. J Pediatr Psychol. 2004;29(3):211-219.

508. Hinds PS, Kelly KP. Helping parents make and survive end of life decisions for their seriously ill child. Nurs Clin North Am. 2010;45(3):465-474.

509. Cadell S, Kennedy K, Hemsworth D. Informing social work practice through research with parent caregivers of a child with a life-limiting illness. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2012;8(4):356-381.

510. Meert K, Eggly S, Pollack M, et al. Parents' perspectives regarding a physician-parent conference after their child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit. J Pediatr. 2007;151(1):50-55, e52.

511. Liben S, Papadatou D, Wolfe J. Paediatric palliative care: challenges and emerging ideas. Lancet. 2008;371(9615):852-864.

512. Brown RT, Madan-Swain A, Lambert R. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their mothers. J Trauma Stress. 2003;16(4):309-318.

513. Wijnberg-Williams BJ, Kamps WA, Klip EC, Hoekstra-Weebers JE. Psychological adjustment of parents of pediatric cancer patients revisited: five years later. Psychooncology. 2006;15(1):1-8.

514. Norberg AL, Lindblad F, Boman KK. Support-seeking, perceived support, and anxiety in mothers and fathers after children's cancer treatment. Psychooncology. 2006;15(4):335-343.

515. Sahler OJ, Fairclough DL, Phipps S, et al. Using problem-solving skills training to reduce negative affectivity in mothers of children with newly diagnosed cancer: report of a multisite randomized trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(2):272-283.

516. Kazak AE, Alderfer MA, Streisand R, et al. Treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their families: a randomized clinical trial. J Fam Psychol. 2004;18(3):493-504.

517. Sidhu R, Passmore A, Baker D. The effectiveness of a peer support camp for siblings of children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006;47(5):580-588.

518. Williams PD, Williams AR, Graff JC, et al. A community-based intervention for siblings and parents of children with chronic illness or disability: the ISEE study. J Pediatr. 2003;143(3):386-393.

519. Marusak HA, Iadipaolo AS, Cohen C, et al. Martial arts-based therapy reduces pain and distress among children with chronic health conditions and their siblings. J Pain Res. 2020;13:3467-3478.

520. Dickerman JD. The late effects of childhood cancer therapy. Pediatrics. 2007;119(3):554-568.

521. American Cancer Society. Childhood and Adolescent Cancer. Survival Rates. Available at https://cancerstatisticscenter.cancer.org/#!/childhood-cancer. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

522. Hewitt M, Weiner SL, Simone JV (eds). Childhood Cancer Survivorship. Improving Care and Quality of Life. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003.

523. American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy statement: the medical home. Pediatrics. 2002;110:184-186.

524. Eiser C. Beyond survival: quality of life and follow-up after childhood cancer. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007;32(9):1140-1150.

525. Landier W, Bhatia S, Eshelman DA, et al. Development of risk-based guidelines for pediatric cancer survivors: the Children's Oncology Group long-term follow-up guidelines from the Children's Oncology Group Late Effects Committee and Nursing Discipline. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(24):4979-4990.

526. Children's Oncology Group. Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines for Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancers. Version 5.0. Available at http://www.survivorshipguidelines.org/pdf/2018/COG_LTFU_Guidelines_v5.pdf. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

527. Passport for Care with the Children's Oncology Group. Available at https://cancersurvivor.passportforcare.org/en/. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

528. Armstrong GT, Kawashima T, Leisenring W, et al. Aging and risk of severe, disabling, life-threatening, and fatal events in the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(12):1218-1227.

529. Hudson MM, Mertens AC, Yasui Y, et al. Health status of adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor study. JAMA. 2003;290(12):1583-1592.

530. De A, Guryev I, Lariviere A, et al. Pulmonary function abnormalities in childhood cancer survivors treated with bleomycin.Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(9):1679-1684.

531. Venkatramani R, Kamath S, Wong K, et al. Pulmonary outcomes in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with involved field radiation. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(7):1277-1281.

532. Moskowitz CS, Chou JF, Wolden SL, et al. Breast cancer after chest radiation therapy for childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(21):2217-2223.

533. Orgel E, Zung L, Ji L, et al. Early cardiac outcomes following contemporary treatment for childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a North American perspective. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(9):1528-1533.

534. Henderson TO, Amsterdam A, Bhatia S, et al. Systematic review: surveillance for breast cancer in women treated with chest radiation for childhood, adolescent, or young adult cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(7):444-455.

535. Oeffinger KC, Hudson MM, Mertens AC, et al. Increasing rates of breast cancer and cardiac surveillance among high-risk survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma following a mailed, one-page survivorship care plan. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;56(5):818-824.

536. Bhatia S, Yasui Y, Robison LL, et al. High risk of subsequent neoplasms continues with extended follow-up of childhood Hodgkin's disease: report from the Late Effects Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(23):4386-4394.

537. Hijiya N, Hudson MM, Lensing S, et al. Cumulative incidence of secondary neoplasms as a first event after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JAMA. 2007;297(11):1207-1215.

538. Henderson TO, Whitton J, Stovall M, et al. Secondary sarcomas in childhood cancer survivors: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(4):300-308.

539. Kenney LB, Yasui Y, Inskip PD, et al. Breast cancer after childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(8):590-597.

540. Bassal M, Mertens AC, Taylor L, et al. Risk of selected subsequent carcinomas in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(3):476-483.

541. Sunga A, Eberl MM, Oeffinger KC, Hudson MM, Mahoney MC. Care of cancer survivors. Am Fam Phys. 2005;71(4):699-706.

542. Yeazel M, Oeffinger KC, Gurney JG, et al. The cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Cancer. 2004;100(3):631-640.

543. Lipshultz SE, Adams MJ, Colan SD, et al. Long-term cardiovascular toxicity in children, adolescents, and young adults who receive cancer therapy: pathophysiology, course, monitoring, management, prevention, and research directions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;128(17):1927-1995.

544. Fulbright JM. Review of cardiotoxicity in pediatric cancer patients: during and after therapy. Cardiol Res Pract. 2011;2011:942090.

545. Green DM, Grigoriev YA, Nan B, et al. Congestive heart failure after treatment for Wilms' tumor: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2001;19(7):1926-1934.

546. Pein F, Sakiroglu O, Dahan M, et al. Cardiac abnormalities 15 years and more after adriamycin therapy in 229 childhood survivors of a solid tumour at the Institut Gustave Roussy. Br J Cancer. 2004;91(1):37-44.

547. Pinarli FG, Oğuz A, Tunaoğlu FS, Karadeniz C, Gökçora N, Elbeg S. Late cardiac evaluation of children with solid tumors after anthracycline chemotherapy. Pediatric Blood Cancer. 2005;44(4):370-377.

548. Sorensen K, Levitt GA, Bull C, Dorup I, Sullivan ID. Late anthracycline cardiotoxicity after childhood cancer: a prospective longitudinal study. Cancer. 2003;97(8):1991-1998.

549. Hudson MM, Rai SN, Nunez C, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of late anthracycline cardiac toxicity in childhood cancer survivors.J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(24):3635-3643.

550. Rathe M, Carlsen NLT, Oxhøj H, Nielsen G. Long-term cardiac follow-up of children treated with anthracycline doses of 300 mg/m or less for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood Cancer. 2010;54(3):444-448.

551. Vilela M, Viana MB. Longitudinal growth and risk factors for growth deficiency in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood Cancer. 2007;48(1):86-92.

552. Haddy T, Mosher RB, Nunez SB, Reaman GH. Growth hormone deficiency after chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children who have not received cranial radiation. Pediatric Blood Cancer. 2006;46(2):258-261.

553. Viana MB, Viela MI. Height deficit during and many years after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: a review. Pediatric Blood Cancer. 2008;50(2 Suppl):509-516.

554. Groot-Loonen JJ, Otten BJ, van t'Hof MA, Lippens RJ, Stoelinga GB. Chemotherapy plays a major role in the inhibition of catch-up growth during maintenance therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatrics. 1995;96(4 Pt 1):693-695.

555. Adams J, Lipshultz SE. Pathophysiology of anthracycline- and radiation-associated cardiomyopathies: implications for screening and prevention. Pediatric Blood Cancer. 2005;44(7):600-606.

556. Zhang FF, Kelly MJ, Saltzman E, et al. Obesity in pediatric ALL survivors: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2014;133(3):e704-715.

557. Razzouk BI, Rose SR, Hongeng S, et al. Obesity in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(10):1183-1189.

558. Foster KL, Kern KD, Chambers TM, et al. Weight trends in a multiethnic cohort of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors: a longitudinal analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0217932.

559. Oktem O, Kim SS, Selek U, Schatmann G, Urman B. Ovarian and uterine functions in female survivors of childhood cancers. Oncologist. 2018;23(2):214-224.

560. Horning S, Hoppe RT, Kaplan HS, Rosenberg SA. Female reproductive potential after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med. 1981;304(23):1377-1382.

561. Oeffinger KC, Mertens AC, Hudson MM, et al. Health care of young adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Ann Fam Med. 2004;2(1):61-70.

562. Nathan PC, Patel SK, Dilley K, et al. Guidelines for identification of, advocacy for, and intervention in neurocognitive problems in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(8):798-806.

563. Butler RW, Mulhern RK. Neurocognitive interventions for children and adolescents surviving cancer. J Pediatr Psychol. 2005;30(1):65-78.

564. Mitby P, Robison LL, Whitton JA, et al. Utilization of special education services and educational attainment among long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Cancer. 2003;97(4):1115-1126.

565. Bryan G, Kellyy P, Chesters H, et al. Access to and experience of education for children and adolescents with cancer: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):167.

566. Yeazel M, Gurney J, Oeffinger K, et al. An examination of the dental utilization practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Public Health Dent. 2004;64(1):50-54.

567. Mertens AC, Brand S, Ness KK, et al. Health and well-being in adolescent survivors of early childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Psychooncology. 2014;23(3):266-275.

568. Hobbie WL, Stuber M, Meeske K, et al. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(24):4060-4066.

569. Phipps S, Klosky JL, Long A, et al. Posttraumatic stress and psychological growth in children with cancer: has the traumatic impact of cancer been overestimated? J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(7):641-646.

570. Oancea SC, Brinkman TM, Ness KK, et al. Emotional distress among adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Cancer Surviv. 2014;8(2):293-303.

571. Mader L, Michel G, Roser K. Unemployment following childhood cancer. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017;114(47):805-812.

572. Perkins JL, Chen Y, Harris A, et al. Infections among long-term survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Cancer. 2014;120(16):2514-2521.

573. Wengenroth L, Rueegg CS, Michel G, et al. Life partnerships in childhood cancer survivors, their siblings, and the general population. Pediatric Blood Cancer. 2014;61(3):538-545.

574. Bashore L. Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors' knowledge of their disease and effects of treatment. J Pediatric Oncol Nurs. 2004;21(2):98-102.

575. Kadan-Lottick NS, Robison LL, Gurney JG, et al. Childhood cancer survivors' knowledge about their past diagnosis and treatment: Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. JAMA. 2002;287(14):1832-1839.

576. Earle C, Schrag D, Woolf SH, Ganz PA. The survivorship care plan: what, why, how, and for whom. In: Perry MC (ed). ASCO 2006 Educational Book. Alexandria, VA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2006.

577. Earle CC. Failing to plan is planning to fail: improving the quality of care with survivorship care plans. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(32):5112-5116.

578. Kirchoff AC, Montenegro RE, Warner EL, et al. Childhood cancer survivors' primary care and follow-up experiences. Support Care Cancer. 2014;22(6):1629-1635.

579. The National Children's Cancer Society. Late Effects After Treatment Tool. Available at https://leatt.thenccs.org. Last accessed July 26, 2021.

580. Castellino SM, Casillas J, Hudson MM, et al. Minority adult survivors of childhood cancer: a comparison of long-term outcomes, health care utilization, and health-related behaviors from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(27):6499-6507.

581. Hudson M, Tyc VL, Srivastava DK, et al. Multi-component behavioral intervention to promote health protective behaviors in childhood cancer survivors: the Protect Study. Med Pediatric Oncol. 2002;39(1):2-11.

582. Cox CL, Nolan VG, Leisenring W, et al. Noncancer-related mortality risks in adult survivors of pediatric malignancies: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Cancer Surviv. 2014;8(3):460-471.

583. Devine KA, Mertens AC, Whitton JA, et al. Factors associated with physical activity among adolescent and young adult survivors of early childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS). Psychooncology. 2018;27(2):613-619.

584. Sima JL, Perkins SM, Haggstrom DA. Primary care physician perceptions of adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Pediatric Hematol Oncol. 2014;36(2):118-124.

585. Suh E, Daugherty CK, Wroblewski K, et al. General internists' preferences and knowledge about the care of adult survivors of childhood cancer: a cross-sectional survey. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(1):11-17.

586. Nathan PC, Daugherty CK, Wroblewski, et al. Family physician preferences and knowledge gaps regarding the care of adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Cancer Surviv. 2013;7(3):275-282.

587. Ford JS, Chou JF, Sklar CA. Attendance at a survivorship clinic: impact on knowledge and psychosocial adjustment. J Cancer Surviv. 2013;7(4):535-543.

588. Meadows A. Pediatric cancer survivorship: research and clinical care. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(32):5160-5165.

589. Erikson C, Salsberg E, Forte G, Bruinooge S, Goldstein M. Future supply and demand for oncologists: challenges to assuring access to oncology services. J Oncol Pract. 2007;3(2):79-86.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.