Works Cited

Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia

Course #34644 - $21-

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  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

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8. Garth D. Hypokalemia in Emergency Medicine. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/767448-overview. Last accessed May 7, 2024.

9. Lederer E, Alsauskas ZC, Mackelaite L, Nayak V. Hyperkalemia. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/240903-overview. Last accessed May 7, 2024.

10. Castro D, Sharma S. Hypokalemia. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2021.

11. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(6):543-551.

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13. Vardeny O, Claggett B, Anand I, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes related to hypo- and hyperkalemia in patients with severe heart failure treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7(4):573-579.

14. Desai AS, Liu J, Pfeffer MA, et al. Incident hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, and clinical outcomes during spironolactone treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: analysis of the TOPCAT trial. J Card Fail. 2018;24(5):313-320.

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19. Tamargo J. New Drugs for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia in Patients Treated with Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors: Hype or Hope? Available at https://www.discoverymedicine.com/Juan-Tamargo/2014/11/new-drugs-for-the-treatment-of-hyperkalemia-in-patients-treated-with-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system-inhibitors-hype-or-hope/. Last accessed May 7, 2024.

20. Tamargo J, Caballero R, Delpon E. New therapeutic approaches for the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2018;32(1):99-119.

21. Hamdy O. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Workup. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118361-overview. Last accessed May 7, 2024.

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24. Dunn RL. Exposure to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is associated with hospitalisation for hyperkalemia in older people with spironolactone. Evid Based Med. 2012;17(4):130-131.

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29. Sterns RH, Rojas M, Bernstein P, Chennupati S. Ion-exchange resins for the treatment of hyperkalemia: are they safe and effective? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(5):733-735.

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31. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves New Drug to Treat Hyperkalemia. Available at https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170111160809/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm468546.htm. Last accessed May 7, 2024.

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33. Bakris GL, Pitt B, Weir MR, et al. Effect of patiromer on serum potassium level in patients with hyperkalemia and diabetic kidney disease: the AMETHYST-DN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314(2):151-161.

34. Wie MR, Mayo MR, Garza D, et al. Effectiveness of patiromer in the treatment of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease patients with hypertension on diuretics. J Hypertens. 2017;(Suppl 1):S57-S63.

35. Montaperto AG, Gandhi MA, Gashlin LZ, Symoniak MR. Patiromer: a clinical review. Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(1):155-164.

36. Meaney CJ, Beccari MV, Yang Y, Zhao J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate: a new armamentarium for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Pharmacotherpy. 2017;37(4):401-411.

37. Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, Bakris GL. Advances in treatment of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16(14):2205-2215.

38. Natale P, Palmer SC, Ruospo M, Saglimbene VM, Strippoli GF. Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;6(6):CD013165.

39. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. NDA Approval: Lokelma. Available at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2018/207078Orig1s000ltr.pdf. Last accessed May 7, 2024.

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47. Chrousos GP, Sertedaki A, Kyritsi EM. Hyperaldosteronism. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/920713-overview. Last accessed May 7, 2024.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.