Works Cited

Addressing Human Trafficking: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals

Course #57400-

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  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

1. United Nations. Protocol To Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking In Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. Available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/protocol-prevent-suppress-and-punish-trafficking-persons. Last accessed August 6, 2026.

2. Parreñas RS, Hwang MC, Lee HR. What is human trafficking? A review essay. Signs: J Women Cult Soc. 2012;37(4):1015-1029.

3. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The Crime. Available at https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/crime.html. Last accessed August 6, 2026.

4. U.S. Congress. Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000. Public Law 106-386. Available at https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-106publ386/pdf/PLAW-106publ386.pdf. Last accessed August 6, 2026.

5. Hart A. Power, Gender and Human Trafficking. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association; New York, NY; August 11, 2007.

6. Hume DL, Sidun NM. Human trafficking of women and girls: characteristics, commonalities, and complexities. Women Ther. 2017;40(1-2):7-11.

7. Administration for Children and Families/Office on Trafficking in Persons. Identifying Victims of Human Trafficking: What to Look for in Health Care Settings. Available at https://humantraffickinghotline.org/sites/default/files/What%20to%20Look%20for%20during%20a%20Medical%20Exam%20-%20FINAL%20-%202-16-16.docx.pdf. Last accessed August 6, 2026.

8. State of Michigan. Human Trafficking Red Flags for Healthcare Professionals. Available at https://www.michigan.gov/ag/-/media/Project/Websites/AG/human-trafficking/Updated-Red-Flags-for-Responders/Red-Flags-Healthcare-Professionals-2025.pdf?rev=01de215aa09a432fad5a9e5fd769138d. Last accessed August 6, 2026.

9. Texas Health and Human Services. Texas Human Trafficking Resource Center. Available at https://www.hhs.texas.gov/services/family-safety-resources/texas-human-trafficking-resource-center. Last accessed August 6, 2026.

10. Greenbaum J. Child sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. Adv Pediatr. 2018;65(1):55-70.

11. Zimmerman C, Hossain M, Yun K, et al. The health of trafficked women: a survey of women entering posttrafficking services in Europe. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(1):55-59.

12. Pocock NS, Tadee R, Tharawan K, et al. "Because if we talk about health issues first, it is easier to talk about human trafficking:" findings from a mixed methods study on health needs and service provision among migrant and trafficked fishermen in the Mekong. Global Health. 2018;14(1):45.

13. Zimmerman C, Yun K, Shvab I, et al. The Health Risks and Consequences of Trafficking in Women and Adolescents: Findings from a European Study. London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; 2003.

14. U.S. Administration for Children and Families. Look Beneath the Surface. Available at https://www.acf.hhs.gov/otip/partnerships/look-beneath-the-surface. Last accessed January 2, 2024.

15. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Human Trafficking and Health Professionals: Questions and Answers. Available at https://aspr.hhs.gov/at-risk/Pages/human_trafficking_faqs.aspx. Last accessed January 2, 2024.

16. Wirth KE, Tchetgen EJ, Silverman JG, Murray MB. How does sex trafficking increase the risk of HIV infection? An observational study from Southern India. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(3):232-241.

17. Sigmon JN. Combatting modern-day slavery: issues in identifying and assisting victims of human trafficking worldwide. Vict Offender. 2008;3(2/3):245-257.

18. Oram S, Domoney J. Responding to the mental health needs of trafficked women. Healthcare Counselling Psychother J. 2018;18(2):10-15.

19. Blumhofer R, Shah N, Grodin M, Crosby S. Clinical issues in caring for former chattel slaves. J Immigr Minor Health. 2011;13(2):323-332.

20. Pascual-Leone A, Kim J, Morrison O-P. Working with victims of human trafficking. J Contemp Psychother. 2017;47(1):51-59.

21. Clawson HJ, Goldblatt GL. Finding a Path to Recovery: Residential Facilities for Minor Victims of Domestic Sex Trafficking. Available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/reports/finding-path-recovery-residential-facilities-minor-victims-domestic-sex-trafficking-0. Last accessed January 2, 2024.

22. Schwarz C, Unruh E, Cronin K, Evans-Simpson S, Britton H, Ramaswamy M. Human Trafficking Identification and Service Provision in the Medical and Social Service Sectors. Health Hum Rights. 2016;18(1):181-192.

23. Greenbaum VJ. Child sex trafficking in the United States: challenges for the healthcare provider. Plos Med. 2017;14(11):e1002439.

24. HEAL Trafficking. PEARR Tool: Trauma-Informed Approach to Victim Assistance in Healthcare Settings. Available at https://www.healtrafficking.org/resources/pearr-tool. Last accessed August 6, 2026.

25. National Human Trafficking Hotline. Report Trafficking. Available at https://humantraffickinghotline.org/en/report-trafficking. Last accessed August 6, 2026.

26. California Penal Code §§11165.1–11174.3 Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act.

27. California Welfare and Institutions Code §§15630–15632 Elder and Dependent Adult Civil Protection Act.

28. New York Social Services Law §§413–420 Child Abuse Reporting.

29. New York Social Services Law §§488–493 Justice Center Act.

30. Michigan Child Protection Law MCL 722.621–722.638.

31. Michigan Adult Protective Services Act MCL 400.11 et seq.

32. Texas Family Code §§261.101–261.109.

33. Texas Human Resources Code Chapter 48.

34. Florida Statute §§39.201–39.206.

35. Florida Statute §§415.102, §§415.1034.

36. Connecticut General Statutes §17a-101 et seq.

37. Connecticut General Statutes §§17b-450 et seq.

38. Ohio Revised Code §2151.421.

39. Ohio Revised Code §§5101.60–5101.71.

40. South Carolina Code of Laws. §§63-7-310 et seq.

41. South Carolina Code of Laws. §§43-35-25 and 43-35-35 Omnibus Adult Protection Act.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.