Works Cited

Family and Medical Leave: Law, Health Care, and Social Services

Course #91013 - $30-

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  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

1. Boushey H, Mitukiewicz A. Family and Medical Leave Insurance: A Basic Standard for Today's Workforce. Available at https://www.americanprogress.org/article/family-and-medical-leave-insurance. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

2. Waldfogel J. Family and medical leave: evidence from the 2000 surveys. Mon Labor Rev. 2001;124(9):17-23.

3. Gomby D, Pei D. Executive Summary: Newborn Family Leave: Effects on Children, Parents, and Business. Available at https://silo.tips/download/newborn-family-leave-effects-on-children-parents-and-business. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

4. U.S. Department of Labor. The Family and Medical Leave Act Employer Guide. Available at https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla/employer-guide. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

5. Selmi M. Limited vision of the family and medical leave act. Villanova Law Rev. 1999;44(3):395-414.

6. Wilborn Malloy SE. Interaction of the ADA, the FMLA, and Workers' Compensation: why can't we be friends? Brandeis Law J. 2003;41(4):821-852.

7. Stone E. How the family and medical leave act can offer protection to domestic violence victims in the workplace. Univ San Francisco Law Rev. 2010;44(3):729-754.

8. State of Massachusetts. Small Necessities Leave Act. Available at https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/rb/small-necessities-advisory.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

9. U.S. Office of Personnel Management. Federal Employees: Sick Leave. Available at https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/leave-administration/fact-sheets/sick-leave-general-information. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

10. Mory M, Pistilli L. Failure of the family and medical leave act: alternative proposals for contemporary American families. Hofstra Labor and Employment Journal. 2001;18(2):689-720.

11. Phillips KR. Getting Time Off: Access to Leave Among Working Parents. Available at https://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/economic-justice/paid-sick-days/getting-time-off-access-to-leave-among-working-parents.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

12. Society for Human Resource Management. Navigating Paid-Leave Benefits and State Requirements. Available at https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/employment-law-compliance/navigating-paid-leave-benefits-state-requirements. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

13. Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation. Flexible Leave: The Maryland Guide to Wage Payment and Employment Standard. Available at https://www.dllr.state.md.us/labor/wagepay/wpgenl.shtml. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

14. National Conference of State Legislatures. State and Family Medical Leave Laws. Available at https://www.ncsl.org/labor-and-employment/state-family-and-medical-leave-laws/ctl. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

15. Fass S. Paid Leave in the States: A Critical Support for Low-Wage Workers and Their Families. Available at https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8XH00VS. Last accessed June 24, 2025.

16. National Partnership for Women and Families. State Paid Family Leave Insurance Laws. Available at https://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/economic-justice/paid-leave/state-paid-family-leave-laws.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

17. U.S. Department of Labor. State Unemployment Insurance Benefits. Available at https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/uifactsheet.asp. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

18. Nevada Department of Employment. About UI Benefits. Available at https://detr.nv.gov/Page/Unemployment_Insurance_Benefits. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

19. National Partnership for Women and Families. State and Local Action on Paid Sick Days. Available at https://nationalpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/state-and-local-action-paid-sick-days.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

20. U.S. Department of Labor. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. Available at https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/laws-and-regulations/laws/fmla. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

21. Liechty JM, Anderson EA. Flexible workplace policies: lessons from the federal alternative work schedules act. Fam Relat. 2007;56(3):304-317.

22. U.S. Department of Labor. Employee's Guide to the Family and Medical Leave Act. Available at https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla/employee-guide. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

23. Lenhoff DR, Becker SM. Family and medical leave legislation in the states: toward a comprehensive approach. Harvard J Legis. 1989;26:403-464.

24. Langton C. Family Leave Benefits: A Public Health Perspective. Available at https://opencommons.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1051&context=uchcgs_masters. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

25. Stone K. Legal protections for atypical employees: employment law for workers without workplaces and employees without employers. Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law. 2006;27(2):251-286.

26. Secret M. Identifying the family, job, and workplace characteristics of employees who use work-family benefits. Fam Relat. 2000;49(2):217-225.

27. Court of Appeals of Wisconsin. Published Opinion Burlington Graphic Systems, Inc. v. Department of Workforce Development, Equal Rights Division. Available at https://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=131960. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

28. Seymour RT. Atypical Employers and the Workers They Hire: A U.S. Perspective. Paper presented at: Third Transatlantic Conference Employment Lawyers Association and the American Bar Association Section of Labor and Employment Law; October 7, 2013; London, UK.

29. Berger L, Hill J, Waldfogel J. Maternity leave, early maternal employment and child health and development in the U.S. Economic Journal. 2005;115(501):F29-F47.

30. Ruhm C. Parental leave and child health. J Health Econ. 2000;19(6):931-960.

31. Minnesota Department of Health. White Paper on Paid Leave and Health. Available at https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/equity/reports/2015paidleave.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

32. Appelbaum E, Milkman R. Leaves that Pay: Employer and Worker Experiences with Paid Family Leave in California. Available at http://cepr.net/documents/publications/paid-family-leave-1-2011.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

33. Hammer LB, Cullen JC, Neal MB, Sinclair RR, Shafiro MV. The longitudinal effects of work-family conflict and positive spillover on depressive symptoms among dual-earner couples. J Occup Health Psychol. 2005;10(2):138-154.

34. Widera E, Chang A, Chen H. Presenteeism: a public health hazard. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(11):1244-1247.

35. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice, and Policy. Health and Behavior: The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001.

36. Han W-J, Ruhm C, Waldfogel J. Parental leave policies and parents' employment and leave-taking. J Policy Anal Manage. 2009;28(1):29-54.

37. U.S. Census Bureau. Parental Leave and Employment Patterns for First-Time Parents in the United States: 2022. Available at https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2025/demo/p70-204.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

38. Hill EJ, Hawkins AJ, Märtinson V, Ferris ME. Studying "working fathers:" comparing fathers' and mothers' work-family conflict, fit, and adaptive strategies in a global high-tech company. Fathering. 2003;1(3):239-261.

39. Berry JO, Rao JM. Balancing employment and fatherhood: a systems perspective. J Fam Issues. 1997;18(4):386-402.

40. Lovell V. No Time to be Sick: Why Everyone Suffers When Workers Don't Have Paid Sick Leave. Available at https://nationalpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/no-time-to-be-sick-why-everyone-suffers.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

41. Selmi M. Family Leave and the Gender Wage Gap. Available at https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3857&context=nclr. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

42. Browne I, Misra J. The intersection of gender and race in the labor market. Ann Rev Sociol. 2003;29(1):487-513.

43. Gerstel N, McGonagle K. Job leaves and the limits of the family and medical leave act. Work Occup. 1999;26(4):510-534.

44. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey. Available at https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data.html. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

45. Walter N, Bourgois P, Loinaz H, Schillinger D. Social context of work injury among undocumented day laborers in San Francisco. J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17(3):221-229.

46. Schur LA. Barriers or opportunities? The causes of contingent and part-time work among people with disabilities. Ind Rel. 2003;42(4):589-622.

47. Buzzanell PM, Liu M. Struggling with maternity leave policies and practices: a poststructuralist feminist analysis of gendered organizing. J Appl Comm Res. 2005;33(1):1-25.

48. Cawthorne A. The Straight Facts on Women in Poverty. Available at https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/ 2008/10/pdf/women_poverty.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

49. Boyce AS, Ryan AM, Imus AL, Morgeson FP. Temporary worker, permanent loser? A model of the stigmatization of temporary workers. Journal of Management. 2007;33(1):5-29.

50. Dillard J. Slaughterhouse nightmare: psychological harm suffered by slaughterhouse employees and the possibility of redress through legal reform. Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy. 2008;15:391.

51. Ribet B. Naming prison rape as disablement: a critical analysis of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Imperatives of Survivor-Oriented Advocacy. Va J Soc Policy Law. 2010;17:281-317.

52. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, PL 103-3.

53. 29 U.S. Code § 2611

54. §825.119

55. 29 U.S. Code § 2611 et, seq.

56. 29 U.S. Code § 2612(b)

57. 29 U.S. Code § 2614(c)

58. 29 U.S. Code § 2614(a)(1)-(3)

59. 29 U.S. Code § 2614(b)

60. 29 U.S. Code § 2612(f)

61. 29 U.S. Code § 2612(e)

62. 29 CFR 825.301

63. California Civil Rights Department. Family Care and Medical Leave and Pregnancy Disability Leave. Available at https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2023/01/CFRA-and-Pregnancy-Leave_ENG.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

64. 29 U.S. Code § 2613

65. U.S. Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division. Fact Sheet #28G: Certification of a Serious Health Condition under the Family and Medical Leave Act. Available at https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/28g-fmla-serious-health-condition. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

66. U.S. Department of Labor. Wage and Hour Division (WHD) Fact Sheet # 77B: Protection for Individuals under the FMLA. Available at https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/77b-fmla-protections. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

67. U.S. Department of Labor. How to File a Complaint. Available at https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/contact/complaints. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

68. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. What You Should Know About the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act. Available at https://www.eeoc.gov/wysk/what-you-should-know-about-pregnant-workers-fairness-act. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

69. National Partnership for Women and Families. America's Women and the Wage Gap. Available at https://nationalpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/americas-women-and-the-wage-gap.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

70. Milkman R, Applebaum E. Unfinished Business: Paid Family Leave in California and the Future of U.S. Work-Family Policy. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press; 2013.

71. U.S. Department of Labor. Employee and Worksite Perspectives of the Family and Medical Leave Act: Executive Summary for Results from the 2018 Surveys. Available at https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/OASP/evaluation/pdf/WHD_FMLA2018SurveyResults_ExecutiveSummary_Aug2020.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

72. Social Security Administration. Red Book: How Do We Define Disability? Available at https://www.ssa.gov/redbook/eng/definedisability.htm. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

73. Carbado DW, Gulati M. Working identity. Cornell Law Review. 2000;85:1259-1308.

74. Carbado DW, Gulati M. Acting White? Rethinking Race in Post-Racial America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013.

75. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Enforcement Guidance: Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship under the Americas with Disabilities Act. Available at https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/enforcement-guidance-reasonable-accommodation-and-undue-hardship-under-ada. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

76. California Civil Rights Department. Discrimination Laws Regarding People with Disabilities. Available at https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/peoplewithdisabilities. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

77. 42 U.S.C. § 12112(b)(5)(A)

78. Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445 (1976)

79. United States v. Windsor, 133 S. Ct. 2675 (2013)

80. U.S. Department of Labor. Technical Release No. 2013-04: Guidance to Employee Benefit Plans on the Definition of "Spouse" and "Marriage" under ERISA and the Supreme Court's Decision in the United States v. Windsor. Available at https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/ebsa/ebsa20131720. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

81. Obergefell et al. v. Hodges, 576 U.S. 14-556 (2015).

82. U.S. Senate 116th Congress (2019–2020). S.463: FAMILY Act. Available at https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/463/all-actions. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

83. U.S. House of Representatives 116th Congress (2019–2020). HR1185: FAMILY Act. Available at https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1185/all-actions. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

84. U.S. Department of Labor. Employee and Worksite Perspectives of the Family and Medical Leave Act: Supplemental Results from the 2018 Surveys. Available at https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/OASP/evaluation/pdf/WHD_FMLA2018SurveyResults_Appendices_Aug2020.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

85. National Partnership for Women and Families. State Paid Family and Medical Leave Insurance Laws. Available at https://nationalpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/state-paid-family-leave-laws.pdf. Last accessed July 24, 2025.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.